giải các phương trình vô tỉ sau
\(\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{y}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{5}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}=2\)
\(\sqrt{3x^2-1}+\sqrt{x^2-x}-x\sqrt{x^2+1}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(7x^2-x+4\right)\)
giúp mình với nhé
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\(\sqrt{3x^2-5x+1}-\sqrt{x^2-2}=\sqrt{3\left(x^2-x-1\right)}-\sqrt{x^2-3x+4}\)
Bạn xem lại đề câu b và c nhé !
a) \(\sqrt{x^2+2x+4}\ge x-2\) \(\left(ĐK:x\ge2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+4>x^2-4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x>0\Leftrightarrow x>0\) kết hợp với ĐKXĐ
\(\Rightarrow x\ge2\) thỏa mãn đề.
d) \(x+y+z+4=2\sqrt{x-2}+4\sqrt{y-3}+6\sqrt{z-5}\)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ge2,y\ge3,z\ge5\)
Pt tương đương :
\(\left(x-2-2\sqrt{x-2}+1\right)+\left(y-3-4\sqrt{y-3}+4\right)+\left(z-5-6\sqrt{z-5}+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-2}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-3}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-5}-3\right)^2=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\\\sqrt{z-5}=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=7\\z=14\end{cases}}\) ( Thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ )
e) \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\) (1)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ge0,y\ge1,z\ge2\)
Phương trình (1) tương đương :
\(x+y+z-2\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{y-1}-2\sqrt{z-2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+\left(y-1-2\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)+\left(z-2-2\sqrt{z-2}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-2}-1\right)^2=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{y-1}=1\\\sqrt{z-2}=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}}\)( Thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ )
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-6\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)+\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x-2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\Rightarrow x=11\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: ....
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2016}=a>0\\\sqrt{y-2017}=b>0\\\sqrt{z-2018}=a>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{c-1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}-\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{c-1}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2}+\frac{\left(b-2\right)^2}{b^2}+\frac{\left(c-2\right)^2}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2020\\y=2021\\z=2022\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ ĐK: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3+x}=x^2-3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3+x}=a>0\Rightarrow3=a^2-x\) pt trở thành:
\(a=x^2-\left(a^2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-a^2+x-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=a\) (do \(x\ge0;a>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3+x}=x\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-3=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\sqrt{6x^2+1}=\sqrt{2x-3}+x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3}-1+x^2+1-\sqrt{6x^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^4+2x^2+1-6x^2-1}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^2\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^2\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) (phần trong ngoặc luôn dương với mọi \(x\ge\frac{3}{2}\))
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{y}=x^2+xy-2y^2\left(1\right)\\\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}\right)=3\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(ĐK:x,y>0\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{y-x}{y\sqrt{x}}=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y+\frac{1}{y\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
Vì x, y > 0 nên \(x+2y+\frac{1}{y\sqrt{x}}>0\)suy ra x - y = 0 hay x = y
Thay x = y vào (2), ta được: \(\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}=\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}.\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}+1=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=1\\\sqrt{x}=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\left(L\right)\\x=1\left(tmđk\right)\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
Vậy hệ có một nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;1\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{y}=x^2+xy-2y^2\left(1\right)\\\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}\right)=3\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
ĐK: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x>0\\y>0\end{cases}}\)và \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+3\ge0\\x^2+3x\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>0\\y>0\end{cases}}}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{y-x}{y\sqrt{x}}=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y+\frac{1}{y\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)do \(x+2y+\frac{1}{y\sqrt{x}}>0\forall x,y>0\)
Thay y=x vào pt (2) ta được
\(\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}\right)=3\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{x^2+3x}=\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\cdot\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=1\\\sqrt{x}=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\left(loai\right)\\x=1\left(tm\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=1}\)
Vậy hệ có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y)=(1;1)
\(\frac{1}{3x}+\frac{2x}{3y}=\frac{x+\sqrt{y}}{2x^2+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(x^2+x\sqrt{y}+y\right)=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3x}+\frac{2x}{3y}=\frac{x+\sqrt{y}}{2x^2+y}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{y+\sqrt{y}+x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}=5\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(ĐK:y>0;\frac{-1}{3}\le x\ne0;y+\sqrt{y}+x+2\ge0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{y}=tx\Rightarrow y=t^2x^2\)thay vào (1), ta được: \(\frac{1}{3x}+\frac{2x}{3t^2x^2}=\frac{x+tx}{2x^2+t^2x^2}\)
Rút gọn biến x ta đưa về phương trình ẩn t : \(\left(t-2\right)^2\left(t^2+t+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y}=2x\ge0\)
Thay vào (2), ta được: \(\sqrt{4x^2+3x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}=5\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x^2+3x+2}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{3x+1}-2\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(4x+7\right)}{\sqrt{4x^2+3x+2}+3}+\frac{3\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\frac{4x+7}{\sqrt{4x^2+3x+2}+3}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{4x+7}{\sqrt{4x^2+3x+2}+3}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}>0\)nên \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\Rightarrow y=4\)
Vậy hệ phương trình có 1 nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1,4\right)\)