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\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(1,\\ a,A=4x^2\left(-3x^2+1\right)+6x^2\left(2x^2-1\right)+x^2\\ A=-12x^4+4x^2+12x^2-6x^2+x^2=-x^2=-\left(-1\right)^2=-1\\ b,B=x^2\left(-2y^3-2y^2+1\right)-2y^2\left(x^2y+x^2\right)\\ B=-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2+x^2-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2\\ B=-4x^2y^3-4x^2y^2+x^2\\ B=-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(0,5\right)^2\\ B=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(2,\\ a,\Leftrightarrow10x-16-12x+15=12x-16+11\\ \Leftrightarrow-14x=-4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow12x^2-4x^3+3x^3-12x^2=8\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3=8=-2^3\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\\ c,\Leftrightarrow4x^2\left(4x-2\right)-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^3-8x^2-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow15x^3=15\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
2,
M + N = 3xyz - 3x2 + 5xy - 1 + 5x2 + xyz - 5xy + 3 - y
= -3x2 + 5x2 + 3xyz + xyz + 5xy - 5xy - y - 1 + 3
= 2x2 + 4xyz - y +2.
M - N = (3xyz - 3x2 + 5xy - 1) - (5x2 + xyz - 5xy + 3 - y)
= 3xyz - 3x2 + 5xy - 1 - 5x2 - xyz + 5xy - 3 + y
= -3x2 - 5x2 + 3xyz - xyz + 5xy + 5xy + y - 1 - 3
= -8x2 + 2xyz + 10xy + y - 4.
N - M = (5x2 + xyz - 5xy + 3 - y) - (3xyz - 3x2 + 5xy - 1)
= 5x2 + xyz - 5xy + 3 - y - 3xyz + 3x2 - 5xy + 1
= 5x2 + 3x2 + xyz - 3xyz - 5xy - 5xy - y + 3 + 1
= 8x2 - 2xyz - 10xy - y + 4.
3,
a) P + (x2 – 2y2) = x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1
P = (x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1) - (x2 – 2y2)
P = x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1 - x2 + 2y2
P = x2 – x2 – y2 + 3y2 + 2y2 – 1
P = 4y2 – 1.
Vậy P = 4y2 – 1.
b) Q – (5x2 – xyz) = xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5
Q = (xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5) + (5x2 – xyz)
Q = xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5 + 5x2 – xyz
Q = 7x2 – 4xyz + xy + 5
Vậy Q = 7x2 – 4xyz + xy + 5.
4,
a, Thu gọn : x2+2xy-3x3+2y3+3x3-y3
= x2+2xy+(-3x3+3x3)+2y3-y3
=x2+2xy+2y3-y3
Thay x=5,y=4 vào đa thức x2+2xy+2y3-y3 Ta có:
52 + 2.5.4 + 43 = 25 + 40 + 64 = 129.
Vậy giá trị của đa thức x2+2xy+2y3-y3 tại x=5,y=4 là 129
b,
Thay x = -1; y = -1 vào biểu thức xy-x2y2+x4y4-x6y6+x8y8 Ta Có
M = (-1)(-1) - (-1)2.(-1)2 + (-1)4. (-1)4-(-1)6.(-1)6 + (-1)8.(-1)8
= 1 -1 + 1 - 1+ 1 = 1.
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức xy-x2y2+x4y4-x6y6+x8y8 tại x=-1, y=-1 là 1
5,
a, C=A+B
C = x2 – 2y + xy + 1 + x2 + y - x2y2 - 1
C = 2x2 – y + xy - x2y2
b) C + A = B => C = B - A
C = (x2 + y - x2y2 - 1) - (x2 – 2y + xy + 1)
C = x2 + y - x2y2 - 1 - x2 + 2y - xy - 1
C = - x2y2 - xy + 3y - 2.
\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11
e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2
a) cho A(x) = 0
\(=>2x^2-4x=0\)
\(x\left(2-4x\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\4x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)\(B\left(y\right)=4y-8\)
cho B(y) = 0
\(4y-8=0\Rightarrow4y=8\Rightarrow y=2\)
c)\(C\left(t\right)=3t^2-6\)
cho C(t) = 0
\(=>3t^2-6=0=>3t^2=6=>t^2=2\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\sqrt{2}\\t=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d)\(M\left(x\right)=2x^2+1\)
cho M(x) = 0
\(2x^2+1=0\Rightarrow2x^2=-1\Rightarrow x^2=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(vl\right)\)
vậy M(x) vô nghiệm
e) cho N(x) = 0
\(2x^2-8=0\)
\(2\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)
\(2\left(x^2+2x-2x-4\right)=0\)
\(2\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)