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Ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z+x}{z+x}}{2}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy+\left(x+y+z\right)z}+\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{xy}+z\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+x+y+z}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+1}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
Đặt \(A=\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+xy+yz+zx=x+xyz=x\left(x+yz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x\left(x+yz\right)}{x}=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}=\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)}{x}=\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\)
Vì x, y, z >0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{x^2}.+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Do đó \(\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\sqrt{y+xz}\ge\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\left(2\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3), ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)\(\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y}}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{yz+zx+xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)(vì \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\))
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\)(điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0\\xy+yz+zx=xyz\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Vậy với x, y, z là các số thực dương thỏa mãn xy + yz + zx =xyz thì:
\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\).
\(\)
a.
\(\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}\le\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+xz}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\) ; \(\dfrac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
b.
\(VP=\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\sqrt{4a\left(a+3b\right)}+2\sqrt{4b\left(b+3c\right)}+2\sqrt{4c\left(c+3a\right)}}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+a+3b+4b+b+3c+4c+c+3a}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b;\sqrt{z}=c\left(a;b;c>0\right)\) và \(p=a+b+c;q=ab+bc+ca;r=abc\)
Thì \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2=a^2b^2c^2\Leftrightarrow p^2-4q+2=r^2-2q\)
Cần chứng minh: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+6\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Leftrightarrow p^2-2q+6\ge2q\)
Nếu \(q\le6\): Có \(p^2\ge3q\) nên ta chứng minh \(q+6\ge2q\Leftrightarrow q\le6\) (đúng)
Nếu \(q>6\) mình chưa nghĩ ra.
@Akai Haruma cô có cách nào khác hoặc cách nào cho trường hợp q > 6 không cô?
\(x+y+z+2=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z+xy+yz+zx+3=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow2=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2}{x+y+z+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z+6\ge\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z+6\ge x+y+z+2\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{yz}+2\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+6\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
a) Giả sử \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.3\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge x^2+xy+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3xy+3y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y\in R\)).
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).
Vậy \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\).
Đặt \(A=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Và đặt \(B=\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=m,\sqrt{y}=n,\sqrt{z}=p\left(m,n,p>0\right)\)thì theo đề bài : \(m+n+p=2\)
Lúc đó:
\(A=\frac{m^2.m}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^2.n}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^2.p}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(A=\frac{m^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Và \(B=\frac{n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Xét hiệu \(A-B=\frac{m^3-n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3-p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3-m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\frac{\left(m-n\right)\left(m^2+mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n-p\right)\left(n^2+np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p-m\right)\left(p^2+pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\left(m-n\right)+\left(n-p\right)+\left(p-m\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=m-n+n-p+p-m=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=B\)
Xét \(A+B=\frac{m^3+n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3+p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3+m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A+A=2A=\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+m+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Theo câu a), ta có \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1) (với \(m,n>0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{m^2-mn+n^2}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m=n>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\ge\frac{n+p}{3}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow n=p>0\)
\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\ge\frac{p+m}{2}\left(4\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow p=m>0\)
Từ \(\left(2\right),\left(3\right),\left(4\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2-pm+m^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}+\frac{n+p}{3}+\frac{p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{m+n+n+p+p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{2\left(m+n+p\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{m+n+p}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{2}{3}\)(vì \(m+n+p=2\)) (điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=n=p>0\\m+n+p=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow m=n=p=\frac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{9}\)
Vậy nếu \(x,y,z>0\) và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=2\)thì: \(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\ge\frac{2}{3}\).