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nhờ mn giúp mk bài này vs ạ
mk đang cần gấp !
cảm ơn mn nhiều
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt[3]{x};\sqrt[3]{y};\sqrt[3]{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a^6+b^6+c^6=3\)
\(a^6+a^6+a^6+a^6+a^6+1\ge6a^5\)
Tương tự: \(5b^6+1\ge6b^5\) ; \(5c^6+1\ge6c^5\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(18=5\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)+3\ge6\left(a^5+b^5+c^5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge a^5+b^6+b^5\)
BĐT cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}\ge a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}\ge\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge a+b+c\) (1)
Mà \(3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(a^5+b^5+c^5\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2\ge3\left(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3\) (2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Ta cần chứng minh:\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\)
Mặt khác, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(\left(x+y+xy\right)+\left(y+z+yz\right)+\left(z+x+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+xy+yz+zx\right)\)Lại có:
\(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+3\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\le3\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
a) Giả sử \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.3\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge x^2+xy+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3xy+3y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y\in R\)).
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).
Vậy \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\).
Đặt \(A=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Và đặt \(B=\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=m,\sqrt{y}=n,\sqrt{z}=p\left(m,n,p>0\right)\)thì theo đề bài : \(m+n+p=2\)
Lúc đó:
\(A=\frac{m^2.m}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^2.n}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^2.p}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(A=\frac{m^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Và \(B=\frac{n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Xét hiệu \(A-B=\frac{m^3-n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3-p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3-m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\frac{\left(m-n\right)\left(m^2+mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n-p\right)\left(n^2+np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p-m\right)\left(p^2+pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\left(m-n\right)+\left(n-p\right)+\left(p-m\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=m-n+n-p+p-m=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=B\)
Xét \(A+B=\frac{m^3+n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3+p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3+m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A+A=2A=\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+m+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Theo câu a), ta có \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1) (với \(m,n>0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{m^2-mn+n^2}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m=n>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\ge\frac{n+p}{3}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow n=p>0\)
\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\ge\frac{p+m}{2}\left(4\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow p=m>0\)
Từ \(\left(2\right),\left(3\right),\left(4\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2-pm+m^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}+\frac{n+p}{3}+\frac{p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{m+n+n+p+p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{2\left(m+n+p\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{m+n+p}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{2}{3}\)(vì \(m+n+p=2\)) (điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=n=p>0\\m+n+p=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow m=n=p=\frac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{9}\)
Vậy nếu \(x,y,z>0\) và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=2\)thì: \(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\ge\frac{2}{3}\).
BĐT <=> \(\sqrt{\frac{x+yz}{xyz}}+\sqrt{\frac{y+xz}{xyz}}+\sqrt{\frac{z+xy}{xyz}}\ge1+\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{xz}}\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
Khi đó \(a+b+c=1\)
BĐT <=>\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}=a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Khi đó \(VT\ge a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=VP\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=3
BĐT cho tương đương với
\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)
Với \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z};a+b+c=1\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2+a\left(b+c\right)+bc}\ge\sqrt{a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}+bc}=a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Tương tự
\(\sqrt{b+ca}\ge b+\sqrt{ca};\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
Từ đó ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=3
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\sqrt{y\left(x+y+z\right)+zx}+\sqrt{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\ge1+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\ge1+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\). (1)
Theo bđt Bunhiakowski:
\(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\).
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}\ge y+\sqrt{zx}\); \(\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\ge z+\sqrt{xy}\).
Cộng vế với vế và kết hợp với gt x + y + z = 1 ta có (1) đúng.
Vậy ta có đpcm.
\(\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{y+zx}\ge y+\sqrt{zx}\) ; \(\sqrt{z+xy}\ge z+\sqrt{xy}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=...\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
Đặt \(A=\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+xy+yz+zx=x+xyz=x\left(x+yz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x\left(x+yz\right)}{x}=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}=\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)}{x}=\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\)
Vì x, y, z >0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{x^2}.+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Do đó \(\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\sqrt{y+xz}\ge\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\left(2\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3), ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)\(\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y}}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{yz+zx+xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)(vì \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\))
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\)(điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0\\xy+yz+zx=xyz\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Vậy với x, y, z là các số thực dương thỏa mãn xy + yz + zx =xyz thì:
\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\).
\(\)