cho x,y,z đôi một khác nhau thoả mãn \(x+y+z=2020\).
Tính A=\(\frac{x^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^3}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
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(x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y) + z^3 - 3xyz = 0
(x+y+z) ( (x+y)^2 +z^2 -z(x+y) -3xy) =0
(x+y+z) ( x^2+ 2xy+y^2 +z^2- zx-zy-3xy)=0
(x+y+z) ( x^2+y^2+z^2 -zx-zy -xy)=0
Suy ra x+y+z =0
x+y = -z
y+z = -x
x+z = -y
B = -16 + (-3) +2038 = 2019
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x=y=z\end{cases}}\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
+) x + y + z = 0 \(\Rightarrow B=\frac{-16z}{z}+\frac{-3x}{x}-\frac{-2038y}{y}\)
\(=-16-3+2038=2019\)
+) x = y = z \(\Rightarrow B=\frac{16.2z}{z}+\frac{3.2x}{x}-\frac{2038.2y}{y}\)
\(=32+6-4076=-4038\)
\(P=\frac{x^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^3}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(z-x\right)-z^3\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x^3y+x^3z-y^3z+y^3x-z^3x+z^3y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(=x+y+z=2008\)
\(Q=\frac{x^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^3}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\frac{y^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(x-z\right)+z^3\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)(1)
Ta có:
\(x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(x-z\right)+z^3\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)+z^3\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y^3-z^3\right)\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y^2+yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2-y^2-yz-z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+xy-yz-z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left[\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y\left(x-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=1000\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có Q = 1000
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a\) , \(\sqrt{y}=b\) , \(\sqrt{z}=c\)
Suy ra \(P=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Xét tử : \(a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)=a^2\left[-\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2-a^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a-a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\)
Suy ra \(P=-\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=1\)
\(A=\frac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\frac{y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^2y-x^2z-xy^2+y^2z+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[xy-zx-zy+z^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)-z\left(y-z\right)\right]=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
Vậy A = 1
áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số = nhau :
\(\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{x+y-z}{z}=\frac{y+z-x+z+x-y+x+y-z}{x+y+z}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+z-x=x\\z+x-y=y\\x+y-z=z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+z=2x\\z+x=2y\\x+y=2z\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}z-x=2x-2z\\y-x=2x-2y\\z-y=2y-z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x=3z\\3x=3y\\3y=3z\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z}\)
thay vào B ta đc : \(B=\left(1+\frac{x}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{z}\right)=8\)
Ta có : \(\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{x+y-z}{z}\)
=> \(\frac{y+z-x}{x}+2=\frac{z+x-y}{y}+2=\frac{x+y-z}{z}+2\)
=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{x}=\frac{x+y+z}{y}=\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)
Khi x + y + z = 0
=> x + y = -z ; y + z = -x ; z + x = -y
Khi đó \(B=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\frac{x+y}{y}.\frac{y+z}{z}.\frac{z+x}{x}=\frac{-z.\left(-x\right).\left(-y\right)}{y.z.x}=-1\)
Khi x + y + z \(\ne\)0
=> x = y = z
Khi đó \(B=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
\(A=\frac{x^3}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^3}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^3\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(x-y+y-z\right)+z^3\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(y-z\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(y-z\right)+z^3\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y^3-z^3\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y^2+z^2+zy\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2-y^2-z^2-zy\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left[\left(x^2-z^2\right)+\left(xy-zy\right)\right]}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left[\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y\left(x-z\right)\right]}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z+y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=x+y+z=2020\)