Tìm cặp số nguyên x,y thỏa mãn : \(\left(x+y-3\right)^2+6=\frac{12}{\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-3\right|}\)
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3 tháng 1 2020
Ta có \(\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(x-y-6\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Vì x,y nguyên dương nên
\(\left(x+y\right)^3>\left(x+y\right)^2\)kết hợp (1) ta được:
\(\left(x-y-6\right)^2>\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y-6\right)^2< 0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y+3\right)< 0\)
Mà y+3 >0 (do y>0)\(\Rightarrow x-3< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 3\)
mà \(x\inℤ^+\)\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
*x=1 thay vào (1) ta có:
\(\left(1+y\right)^3=\left(1-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+3y^2+3y+1=y^2+10y+25\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3\right)\left(y^2+5y+8\right)=0\)
mà \(y^2+5y+8=\left(y+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\ge\frac{7}{4}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow y-3=0\Leftrightarrow y=3\inℤ^+\)
*y=2 thay vào (1) ta được:
\(\left(2+y\right)^3=\left(2-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+6y^2+12y+8=y^2+8y+16\Leftrightarrow y^3+5y^2+4y-8=0\)
Sau đó cm pt trên không có nghiệm nguyên dương.
Vậy x=1;y=3
ND
Nguyễn Đức Trí
VIP
17 tháng 8 2023
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
Ta có\(\left(x+y-3\right)^2+6=\frac{12}{\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-3\right|}\left(1\right)\)
:\(\frac{12}{\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-3\right|}=\frac{12}{\left|y-1\right|+\left|3-y\right|}\le\frac{12}{\left|y-1+3-y\right|}=\frac{12}{2}=6\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(x+y-3\right)^2+6\ge6\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1),(2) và (3)
Suy ra dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-3=0\\\left(y-1\right)\left(3-y\right)\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1\le y\le3\\x+y=3\end{cases}}\)
Với y=1 thì x=2
Với y=2 thì x=1
Với y=3 thì x=0
Vậy....................