1. So sánh x và y :
x = \(\dfrac{30-2\sqrt{45}}{4}\) và y = \(\sqrt{17}\)
2. Tìm x,y,z bt :
a, x+y+z+8 = \(2\sqrt{x-1}\)+ \(4\sqrt{y-2}\)+ \(6\sqrt{z-3}\)
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1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
hình như...
b) \(x+y+z+8=2\sqrt{x-3}+4\sqrt{y-3}+6\sqrt{z-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3+y-3+z-3+17=2\sqrt{x-3}+4\sqrt{y-3}+6\sqrt{z-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3-2\sqrt{x-3}+1\right)+\left(y-3-4\sqrt{y-3}+4\right)+\left(z-3-6\sqrt{z-3}+9\right)+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-3}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-3}-3\right)^2+3=0\) (vô nghiệm, VT >/3)
Kl: ptvn
a) \(x+y+z+8=2\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{y-2}+6\sqrt{z-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1+y-2-4\sqrt{y-2}+4+z-3-6\sqrt{z-3}+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-2}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-3}-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-2}-2=0\\\sqrt{z-3}-3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=6\\z=12\end{cases}}\)
b) \(\sqrt{x-26}+\sqrt{y+20}+\sqrt{z+3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-26}-2\sqrt{y+20}-2\sqrt{z+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-26-2\sqrt{x-26}+1+y+20-2\sqrt{y+20}+1+z+3+2\sqrt{z+3}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-26}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y+20}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z+3}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-26}-1=0\\\sqrt{y+20}-1=0\\\sqrt{z+3}-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=27\\y=-19\\z=-2\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(B=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{162}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{162}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{89}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Bài 2:Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}\)
\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{yz}}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xz}}\)
CỘng theo vế 3 BĐT trên có:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
Khi x=y=z
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(..........................\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{1}{10}=\frac{100}{10}=10\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 0; y\geq 1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow (x-4\sqrt{x}+4)+(y-1-6\sqrt{y-1}+9)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x}-2)^2+(\sqrt{y-1}-3)^2=0$
Vì $(\sqrt{x}-2)^2; (\sqrt{y-1}-3)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x\geq 0; y\geq 1$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$\sqrt{x}-2=\sqrt{y-1}-3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=4; y=10$
b.
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq -1; y\geq -2; z\geq -3$
PT $\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+35-4\sqrt{x+1}-6\sqrt{y+2}-8\sqrt{z+3}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow [(x+1)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4]+[(y+2)-6\sqrt{y+2}+9]+[(z+3)-8\sqrt{z+3}+16]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x+1}-2)^2+(\sqrt{y+2}-3)^2+(\sqrt{z+3}-4)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+1}-2=\sqrt{y+2}-3=\sqrt{z+3}-4=0$
$\Rightarrow x=3; y=7; z=13$
Bài 1:
\(x=\dfrac{30-2\sqrt{45}}{4}=\dfrac{30-6\sqrt{5}}{4}< \dfrac{4\sqrt{17}}{4}=\sqrt{17}=y\)