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a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=25,55\\x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,35.65=22,75g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{25,55}.100=10,95\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-10,95\%=89,05\%\)
b.\(n_{HCl}=2.0,05+2.0,35=0,8mol\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4l\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
=> 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Theo pt: \(\Sigma\)nH2 = 1,5x + y = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)(2)
Từ 1 + 2 => x = 0,2 , y = 0,1
=> mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 => %mAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\%\approx49,09\%\)
%mFe = 100 - 49,09 = 50,91%
c) Theo pt: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 mol
=> mHCl = 0,8 . 36,5 = 29,2g
=> \(m_{dd}\)HCl = 29,2 : 10% = 292g
d) mdd sau phản ứng = m A + mHCl = 11 + 292 = 303g
Theo pt: nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 mol => m AlCl3 = 26,7g
=> C%AlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7}{303}.100\%\) = 8,81%
tương tự nFeCl2 = 0,1 mol => C%FeCl2 = 4,19%
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ZnO}=21,1-13=8,1\left(g\right)\)
Có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
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Bài 1:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Hidro: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}-m_{H_2}=24,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)
a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\\ 2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
Cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với NaOH, chất rắn không tan là Fe
=> mFe= 1,12 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\Sigma n_{H_2}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,065-0,02=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,03.27=0,81\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=41,97\%,\%m_{Fe}=58,03\%\)
b) \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,03.133,5=4,005\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\\ m_{ZnO}=29,2-13=16,2g\\ b.n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{16,2}{81}=0,2mol\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,4 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,4\right).36,5=29,2g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{200}\cdot100\%=14,6\%\\ c.m_{ZnCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right).136=54,4g\)
Đặt nFe=a nZn=b(mol)
Từ đó suy ra \(56a+65b=25,1\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Lại suy ra được \(2a+2b=0,8\left(2\right)\)
Suy ra a=0,1 b=0,3 (mol)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,8\cdot22,4}{2}=8,96\left(l\right)\\ m_{muoi}=m_{KL}+m_{Cl}=25,1+0,8\cdot35,5=53,5\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{25,1}\cdot100\%\approx22,31\left(\%\right)\\ \%m_{Zn}=100\%-22,31\%=77,69\left(\%\right)\)