Cho \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\). Tính giá trị của biểu thức:
\(M=\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\)
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a) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}+1=\frac{b+c}{a}+1=\frac{c+a}{b}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
b) Đề bài sai ^^
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{c+a+b}=2\)(T/C...)
Xét a+b+c=0
\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c,c+b=-a,a+c=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}\cdot\frac{b+c}{c}\cdot\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{-c}{b}\cdot\frac{-a}{c}\cdot\frac{-b}{a}=-1\)
Xét a+b+c\(\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=2c,b+c=2a,c+a=2b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}\cdot\frac{b+c}{c}\cdot\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{2c}{b}\cdot\frac{2a}{c}\cdot\frac{2b}{a}=8\)
Giải:
+) Xét a + b + c = 0
\(\Rightarrow-a=b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow-b=a+c\)
\(\Rightarrow-c=a+b\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{-c}{c}=\frac{-a}{a}=\frac{-b}{b}=-1\)
Lại có: \(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{c+a}{a}=\frac{a+b}{c}.\frac{b+c}{a}.\frac{c+a}{b}=-1\)
+) Xét \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Ta có:
\(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{a+b}{c}.\frac{b+c}{a}.\frac{c+a}{b}=2.2.2=8\)
Vậy M = -1 hoặc M = 8
Tham khảo: Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Thị Nhàn - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Học tốt=)
tth : mẫu nó khác bạn nhé
- mẫu nó là 2bc 2ac 2ab
mẫu mk ko có nhân 2
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ca+ab}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ca+ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}bc=-ab-ca\\ca=-ab-bc\\ab=-ca-bc\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(A=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ab-ca}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+ac-ab-bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+ab-ca-bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left[\left(b-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\right]+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(b-c\right)-\left(b^2-c^2\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)-\left(b+c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow bc=-ab-ac,ca=-ab-bc,ab=-bc-ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+bc+bc}=\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+bc-ca-ab}=\frac{a^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
Làm tương tự. có: \(\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2+2ca}=\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2+ca-ab-bc}=\frac{b^2+ca}{\left(a-b\right).\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2+ab-ca-bc}=\frac{c^2+ab}{\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2+ca}{\left(a-b\right).\left(c-b\right)}+\frac{c^2+ab}{\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+bc\right).\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{\left(b^2+ca\right).\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(c^2+ab\right).\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
Sau đó bạn thực hiện tiếp nhé.
Bài 1: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a^2+b^2+c^2=3\). CMR: \(a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\le3\)
Bài 2: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0\). CMR: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc+1\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Bài 3: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a^2+b^2+c^2=a+b+c\). CMR: \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\le ab+bc+ca\)
Bài 4: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0\). CMR: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge27\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+abc\right)\)
Bài 5: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a+b+c=3\).CMR: \(\frac{1}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ca^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ab^2+1}\ge1\)
Ta có: a - b - c = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-c=b\\a-b=c\\-b-c=-a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-c=b\\-\left(a-b\right)=-c\\-\left(b+c\right)=-a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-c=b\\-a+b=-c\\b+c=a\end{cases}}\)
Lại có: \(P=\left(1-\frac{c}{a}\right)\left(1-\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a-c}{a}.\frac{b-a}{b}.\frac{c+b}{c}=\frac{b}{a}.\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{a}{c}=-1\)
\(M=\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+1\right)-3\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}-3\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\)
Do giả thiết \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\) nên M = -3