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Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
\(DPCM\Leftrightarrow P=a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\le\frac{108}{529}\)
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Rightarrow a^2\left(b-c\right)\le0\left(1\right)\)
\(b^2\left(c-b\right)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}.\left(c-b\right)\le4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4c^3}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{4c^3}{27}+c^2\left(1-c\right)=c^2\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right)=\frac{23c}{54}.\frac{23c}{54}\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right).\frac{54^2}{23^2}\)
Tiếp
\(\le\left(\frac{\frac{23c}{54}+\frac{23c}{54}+1-\frac{23c}{27}}{3}\right)^3.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{1}{27}.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{108}{529}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\left(b-c\right)=0\\\frac{b}{2}=c-b\\\frac{23c}{54}=1-\frac{23c}{27}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=0\\b=\frac{2}{3}c\\c=\frac{18}{23}\end{cases}}\)
giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\ge0\)
Ta có: \(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-b^2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a+\frac{b}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
\(b+\frac{a}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-a^2\right)\le0\Rightarrow b+\frac{a}{2}\le\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
Tương tự: \(b+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}\ge c+\frac{b}{2};a+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\ge c+\frac{a}{2}\)
Lại có:+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\ge\left(a-b\right)\left(b+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(a+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{-1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\le\left(a-b\right)\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+\frac{c}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(2\right)\)
Từ 1,2 => đpcm
BĐT đã cho tuong duong voi:
\(\left|\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right|\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
Theo AM-GM ta có: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\frac{9}{8}\cdot\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Có: \(VT\le\frac{9}{8}\left|\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\right|=\frac{9\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]^2\ge9\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\)
Rõ ràng \(\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Cần cm: \(36\left(a+b+c\right)^2\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^4\left(b-c\right)^4\left(c-a\right)^4}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^6\left(b-c\right)^6\left(c-a\right)^6}\)
Hay \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Tiếp tục là điều hiển nhiên do \(VT\ge4\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\\a-b=b-c=c-a\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c.\)
bài 2 thì bạn áp dụng bdt cô si với lựa chọn điểm rơi hoặc bdt holder ( nó giống kiểu bunhia ngược ) . bai 1 thi ap dung cai nay \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{1}{x+y}\) câu 1 khó hơn nhưng bạn biết lựa chọn điểm rơi với áp dụng bdt phụ kia là ok .
Bài 1:Đặt VT=A
Dùng BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán trên với x=a+c;y=b+a;z=2b ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 cái còn lại
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Biến đổi BPT \(4\left(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\right)\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự suy ra
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3}{4}\ge\frac{2\cdot3\sqrt{abc}-3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
a, Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{a}=x;\sqrt[4]{b}=y.\)Bất đẳng thức ban đầu trở thành: \(\frac{2x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}\le xy.\)
ta có : \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow\frac{2x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}\le\frac{2x^2y^2}{2xy}=xy.\)(đpcm )
dấu " = " xẩy ra khi x = y > 0
vậy bất đăng thức ban đầu đúng. dấu " = " xẩy ra khi a = b >0
