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\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
Ta có \(\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(x-y-6\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Vì x,y nguyên dương nên
\(\left(x+y\right)^3>\left(x+y\right)^2\)kết hợp (1) ta được:
\(\left(x-y-6\right)^2>\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y-6\right)^2< 0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y+3\right)< 0\)
Mà y+3 >0 (do y>0)\(\Rightarrow x-3< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 3\)
mà \(x\inℤ^+\)\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
*x=1 thay vào (1) ta có:
\(\left(1+y\right)^3=\left(1-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+3y^2+3y+1=y^2+10y+25\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3\right)\left(y^2+5y+8\right)=0\)
mà \(y^2+5y+8=\left(y+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\ge\frac{7}{4}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow y-3=0\Leftrightarrow y=3\inℤ^+\)
*y=2 thay vào (1) ta được:
\(\left(2+y\right)^3=\left(2-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+6y^2+12y+8=y^2+8y+16\Leftrightarrow y^3+5y^2+4y-8=0\)
Sau đó cm pt trên không có nghiệm nguyên dương.
Vậy x=1;y=3
\(y^2+2xy-3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2+2xy+x^2\right)-\left(x^2+3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(x+1=0\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Nếu \(x+2=0\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thử lại, ta thấy thỏa mãn. Vậy ta tìm được các cặp số \(\left(x;y\right)\) thỏa mãn đề bài là \(\left(-1;1\right),\left(-2;2\right)\)
Ta thấy \(2x^2< 4\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2< 2\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=1\) (do \(x\ne0\))
Thế vào pt đề bài, ta có \(3+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y^2}{4}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\pm2\)
Vậy, các cặp số (x; y) thỏa ycbt là \(\left(1;2\right);\left(-1;-2\right);\left(1;-2\right);\left(-1;2\right)\)
\(y\left(x-1\right)=x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-y\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-y+1\right)=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-1\\x-y+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\x-y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\x-y+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\x-y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-2\right),\left(4;6\right),\left(2;6\right),\left(-2;-2\right)\right\}\)
Ta có \(y\left(x-1\right)=x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-x^2+1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-x-1\right)=3\)
Vì x,y nguyên nên ta có bảng
| x-1 | 3 | 1 | -1 | -3 |
| y-x-1 | 1 | 3 | -3 | -1 |
| x | 4 | 2 | 0 | -2 |
| y | 6 | 8 | 2 | 4 |
Vậy\(\left(x,y\right)=\left\{\left(4,6\right),\left(2,8\right),\left(0,2\right),\left(-2,4\right)\right\}\)thỏa mãn
Nguyễn Linh Chi : cô làm cách đó là thiếu nghiệm rồi cô
\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=4x^2y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x^2+x^2y^2+y^2-4x^2y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-2x^2y+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x^2y+x^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)^2+\left(x\left(y-1\right)\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y=x\left(y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y-xy+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
+) x = -1 suy ra y = 1
+) x = y . từ đó tìm được \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=0\\x=y=1\end{cases}}\)
Nếu \(x< -3\) thì \(x^2+x+3< x^2\) và \(x^2+x+3>\left(x+1\right)^2\), vô lý.
Nếu \(x>2\) thì \(x^2+x+3>x^2\) và \(x^2+x+3< \left(x+1\right)^2\), cũng vô lý.
Do đó \(x\in\left\{-3;-2;-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
Thử từng giá trị, ta thấy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-3;3\right);\left(-3;-3\right)\right\}\) là các cặp số thỏa ycbt.