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cái chỗ math processing error kia là \(3\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+1}\right)+\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)\ge\dfrac{985}{108}\)
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}\)
Tương tự ...
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+6\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{y}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (zx)2 + 2xyz = (xyz)2
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (xz)2 + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)2
<=> (xy + yz + zx)2 = (xyz)2
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz
=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)
=> xy + yz + zx = xyz
<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)
<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1
Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1
Vậy P = 1
Ta có: \(x+y=z\Rightarrow x=z-y\)
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(z-y\right)^2y^2+y^2z^2+\left(z-y\right)^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y^4+y^2z^2-2y^3z+y^2z^2+z^4+y^2z^2-2yz^3}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^4+2y^2z^2+z^4\right)-2yz\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2-2yz\left(y^2+z^2\right)+y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2-yz\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}=\left|\dfrac{y^2+z^2-yz}{xyz}\right|\)
Là một số hữu tỉ do x,y,z là số hữu tỉ
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{yz}+\dfrac{2}{xz}-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{xz}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\text{|}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\text{|}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{z}{xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz}+\dfrac{x}{xyz}\right)}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh một bổ đề sau: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Thật vậy, ta phân tích
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).
Hiển nhiên nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(P=0\) hay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\), bổ đề được chứng minh.
Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) nên áp dụng bổ đề, ta được \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\).
Vì vậy \(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}\) \(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\) \(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\). Ta có đpcm
\(VT^2\le3\left(\dfrac{1}{2x^2+y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2y^2+z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2z^2+x^2+3}\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)+y^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4x+2y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+x+y}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\dfrac{1}{6}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0)