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Ta có: \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^2c^2-b^2-c^2+1\right)+b\left(a^2c^2-a^2-c^2+1\right)\)
\(+c\left(a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\right)\)
\(=ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+ba^2c^2-a^2b-bc^2+b\)
\(+ca^2b^2-a^2c-b^2c+c\)
\(=\left(ab^2c^2+ba^2c^2+ca^2b^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(-\left(ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ca\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+abc+3abc\)\(-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)
Vậy \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)=4abc\)(đpcm)
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
\(a+b+c=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}=1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ca}=2\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=2\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ac}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
=>ab+bc+ac=0
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3}{\left(abc\right)^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(ac\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
=>\(\left(-ac\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(-ac\right)+\left(ac\right)^3-3\left(abc\right)^2=0\)
=>\(-a^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
=>0=0(đúng)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+x+2}\ge\dfrac{-x^2+3}{8}\) với \(x>0\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^3+x+2\right)+8\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^3+2x^2+x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{-a^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-b^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-c^2+3}{8}=\dfrac{9-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{8}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
`1)(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
`2)(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
Vậy nếu `a=b=c` thì ....
Em tham khảo tại link dưới đây:
Câu hỏi của Hoàng Nguyễn Quỳnh Khanh - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath