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Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Theo Bunhiacopski ta luôn có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2=\left[1\cdot x+\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot2y\right]^2\le\left(1^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(x^2+4y^2\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-y\right|\le\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(x+y=2\Rightarrow y=2-x\)
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\left(2-x\right)^2}+\sqrt{x\left(2-x\right)}=\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}+\sqrt{-x^2+2x}\)
\(A^2=x^2-2x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}.\sqrt{-x^2+2x}\)
\(+A\ge2\Leftrightarrow A^2\ge4\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+4+2\sqrt{-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x}\ge x\left(2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x\right)\ge x^2\left(2-x\right)^2\text{ }\left(do\text{ }x\left(2-x\right)\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2-x\right)\left(9x^2-18x+16\right)\ge0\)
Bất đẳng thức trên đúng vì :
\(x\ge0;\text{ }2-x=y\ge0;\text{ }9x^2-18x+16=9\left(x-1\right)^2+7>0\)
Vậy \(A\ge2\)
Tương tự, ta có thể chứng minh \(A\le\sqrt{6}\)
Cách khác: \(x+y=2\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=4-2xy\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{xy};t\ge0;\text{ }t\le\frac{x+y}{2}=1\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}=\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\)
\(+\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\ge2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-2t^2}\ge2-t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-2t^2\ge t^2-4t+4\text{ }\left(do\text{ }2-t>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2-4t\le0\Leftrightarrow t\left(3t-4\right)\le0\)
BĐT trên đúng đo \(t\ge0;\text{ }3t-4\le3.1-4=-1<0\)
Vậy \(\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\ge2\)
Làm tương tự với vế còn lại.
Ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\frac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\frac{2+\frac{4+1+x^2}{2}}{2x}=\frac{9+x^2}{4x}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{9+y^2}{4y}\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{\left(9+x^2\right)yz+\left(9+y^2\right)xz+\left(9+z^2\right)xy}{4xyz}\)
\(=\frac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\frac{9\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=\frac{4\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\sqrt{3}\)
C.hóa \(x+y=1\) và dùng C-S:
\(VT^2\le\frac{2x}{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\frac{2y}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\le\frac{8}{9}=VP^2\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y}{\left(2-y\right)^2}\le\frac{4}{9}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\frac{x}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\le\frac{20}{27}x-\frac{4}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(5x-16\right)}{27\left(x-2\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng*
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}\le\frac{20}{27}\left(x+y\right)-\frac{4}{27}\cdot2=\frac{4}{9}=VP_{\left(1\right)}\)
"=" khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki :
\(\left(x.\sqrt{1-y^2}+\sqrt{1-x^2}.y\right)^2\le\left(x^2+1-x^2\right).\left(y^2+1-y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{1-y^2}+y\sqrt{1-x^2}\le1\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le1\)
Lại áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki : \(\left(3x+4y\right)^2\le\left(3^2+4^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le\left(3^2+4^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+4y\right)^2\le25\Rightarrow3x+4y\le5\)