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\(S=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^8+3^9\right)=\)
\(=4+3^2\left(1+3\right)+3^4\left(1+3\right)+...+3^8\left(1+3\right)=\)
\(=4\left(1+3^2+3^4+...+3^8\right)⋮4\)
Ta có: S = \(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3.7}+\dfrac{5}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
⇒ 2S = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{4n+2}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
⇒ 2S + \(\dfrac{1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{4n+3}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
Đến đây nó sẽ rút gọn liên tục và sau nhiều lần rút gọn ta có:
2S + \(\dfrac{1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+\dfrac{1}{3.7.11}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{11}{3.7.11}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{1}{3.7}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{7}{3.7}=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}=1\)
Suy ra 2S < 1 ⇒ S < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
\(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+\left(3^{99}+3^{100}+3^{101}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{99}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+...+3^{99}\right)=13\left(1+...+3^{99}\right)⋮13\)