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a) (x + y + z)2 \(\le3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)(1)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\le3x^2+3y^2+3z^2\)
<=> \(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2xz-2yz\ge0\)
<=> (x - y)2 + (y - z)2 + (z - x)2 \(\ge0\) (đúng)
=> (1) đúng "=" khi x = y = z
b) \(A=1\sqrt{4a+1}+1.\sqrt{4b+1}+1.\sqrt{4c+1}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(4a+1+4b+1+4c+1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{3.\left[4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]}=\sqrt{21}\left(\text{vì }a+b+c=1\right)\)
"=" xảy ra <=> \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4a+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4b+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4c+1}};a+b+c=1\)
<=> a = b = c = 1/3
\(P^2=\left(\sqrt{4a+3}+\sqrt{4b+3}+\sqrt{4c+3}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(4a+3+4b+3+3c+3\right)\)
\(=63\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{63}=3\sqrt{7}\).
Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+3=4b+3=4c+3\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
\(A\le\frac{1}{27}\left(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\right)^3\)
Mặt khác :
\(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\le\sqrt{3\left[4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]}\)
\(=3\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{27}\left(3\sqrt{5}\right)^3=5\sqrt{5}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức: (a+b+c)^2<=3(a^2+b^2+c^2):
[√(4a+1)+√(4b+1)+√(4c+1)]^2
<= 3[4(a+b+c)+3]=21<25
=>√(4a+1)+√(4b+1)+√(4c+1)<5
cosi : \(\sqrt{4a+1}\)\(\sqrt{1}\)<\(\frac{4a+1+1}{2}\)= 2a + 1. tương tự \(\sqrt{4b+1}\)\(\sqrt{1}\)<\(\frac{4b+1+1}{2}\)= 2b + 1; \(\sqrt{4c+1}\)\(\sqrt{1}\)<\(\frac{4c+1+1}{2}\)= 2c + 1. Nên VT < 2(a+b+c) +3 = 5. Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c = 1/3
Ta có
\(\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4a+1}\le\frac{4a+3}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4b+1}\le\frac{4b+3}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4c+1}\le\frac{4c+3}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4d+1}\le\frac{4d+3}{2}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
\(\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}+\sqrt{4d+1}\right)\)
\(\le8\)
<=> \(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\sqrt{4d+1}\le4\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(VT^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(4a+1+4b+1+4c+1\right)\)
\(=3\left(4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right)\)
\(=3\left(4+3\right)=21< 25=VP^2\)
Suy ra VT<VP---> đúng