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a) Y là Cu
$m_{Cu} = 8(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)$
Ta có : $27a + 56b + 8 = 13,45(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ; b = 0,025$
$\%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{8}{13,45}.100\% = 59,47\%$
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,15.27}{13,45}.100\% = 30,11\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = 10,42\%$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)$
$V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,25}{0,5} = 0,5(lít)$
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot80}{40}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=80\%\)
a, Ta có pt pư
\(Fe+H_2SO_4-->FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H_2SO_4\) dư
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dư\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=19,6-14,7=4,9\left(g\right)\)
b,
Ta có
\(m_{Fe}=0,15\cdot56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_K=\dfrac{3.9}{39}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(K+H_2O\rightarrow KOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(0.1..................0.1......0.05\)
\(m_{KOH}=0.1\cdot56=5.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(1.........1\)
\(0.25.......0.05\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.25}{1}>\dfrac{0.05}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\)
\(m_Z=m_{Cu}+m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0.05\cdot64+\left(0.25-0.05\right)\cdot80=19.2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{19,6}{2+32+16\cdot4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ: 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,2<---0,2------>0,2-------->0,2
\(m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=32,2\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
b)\(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2\cdot161=32,2g\)
\(m_{ddZnSO_4}=30+200-0,2\cdot2=229,6g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{32,2}{229,6}\cdot100\%=14,02\%\)
c)\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
0,3 0,2 0,2
\(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8g\)
nZn=1365=0,2molnZn=1365=0,2mol
Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)VH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48lVH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48l
b)mH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6gmH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6g
C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%
c)nCuO=2480=0,3molnCuO=2480=0,3mol
CuO+H2→Cu+H2OCuO+H2→Cu+H2O
0,3 0,2 0,2
mrắn=mCu=0,2⋅64=12,8g.
a)
Gọi số mol R là a (mol)
PTHH: 2R + nH2SO4 --> R2(SO4)n + nH2
a------------------------->0,5an
mtăng = mR - mH2 = a.MR - 2.0,5an = a.MR - an = 1,2 (1)
PTHH: 4R + nO2 --to--> 2R2On
a--------------->0,5a
=> \(0,5a\left(2.M_R+16n\right)=2,55\)
=> a.MR + 8an = 2,55 (2)
(1)(2) => a.MR = 1,35; an = 0,15
=> \(M_R=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 3 thỏa mãn => MR = 27 (g/mol)
=> R là Al
a = 0,05 (mol)
m = 1,35 (g)
b)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
=> VO2 = 0,0375.22,4 = 0,84 (l)
=> Vkk = 0,84 : 20% = 4,2 (l)
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