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1.
C/m bổ đề: \(a^3-b^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a^3-b^3\right)\) với \(\forall a,b\in R,a\ge b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4b^3-\left(a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3+3a^2b-3ab^2-3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Theo bài ra: \(a^3-b^3\ge3a-3b-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) Cần c/m: \(\left(a-b\right)^3\ge12a-12b-16\)(1)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3-12\left(a-b\right)+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^3-8\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)+4\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-8\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)^2\left(a-b+4\right)\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b thỏa mãn \(a,b\in R,a\ge b\))
2.
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\frac{1}{\frac{c+d}{cd}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{cd}{c+d}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(c+d\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\le\)\(\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc+abd+acd+bcd}{ac+ad+bc+bd}\le\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+ab+bc+cd\right)\left(ac+ad+bc+bd\right)\ge\)\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(abc+abd+acd+bcd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad\right)^2-2abcd+\left(bc\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b,c,d>0)
sửa: chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+bc}+\frac{1}{1+ca}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có
\(\frac{1}{1+ab}=1-\frac{1}{1+ab}\ge1-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=1-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{1+bc}\ge1-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\\\frac{1}{1+ca}\ge1-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
cộng theo vế các bđt trên và áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta được
\(\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+bc}+\frac{1}{1+ac}\ge3-\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)\)
\(\ge3-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{2}+\frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}\right)=3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}1+ab=1+bc=1+ca\\a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1}\)
Nhìn BĐT 4 số ngán quá
\(1\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2d^2}}\Rightarrow abcd\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\frac{abcd}{8}+2\ge4\) (1)
Mà \(VP=\frac{a+c}{\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{b+d}{\sqrt{bd}}\le\frac{2\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{2\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}=4\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=2\)
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
d/ Đặt \(x=a+b\) , \(y=b+c\) , \(z=c+a\)
thì : \(a=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\) ; \(b=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\) ; \(c=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{\frac{x+z-y}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y-z}{2}}{z}+\frac{\frac{y+z-x}{2}}{x}\)
\(=\frac{z+x-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}-3\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}.6-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b^2-2abc+c^2\right)+\left(b^2c^2-2abc+a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-2abc+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-c\right)^2+\left(bc-a\right)^2+\left(ca-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt ban đầu dc chứng minh.
1/ a/dung bđt Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức: \(\frac{a^2}{b+3c}+\frac{b^2}{c+3a}+\frac{c^2}{a+3b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
2/ a/dung bđt bunhiacopxki :
\(S^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)=3\cdot2\left(a+b+c\right)=6\cdot6=36\)
=> \(S\le6\)
Đặt: f(a;b;c) =\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)
Vai trò của a, b, c là như nhau có thể giả sử: \(a=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}+a}\)
\(=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
+) Chứng minh: \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
Xét : \(f\left(a;b;c\right)-f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}-\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-2\sqrt{b}\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\sqrt{a}-ab\sqrt{b}+2bc\sqrt{a}-2ac\sqrt{b}+c^2\sqrt{a}-c^2\sqrt{b}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)vì a=max{a,b,c} => \(a\ge b\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)(1)
+) Chứng minh:\(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
Xét: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)-\frac{7}{5}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{a}{b}+1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)(2)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}=x\left(đk:x\le3\right)\)Ta có:
(2)=\(\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{5x^3+5x^2+10x^2+10-7x^3-7x^2-7x-7}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-2x^3+8x^2-7x+3}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(3-x\right)\left(2x^2-2x+1\right)}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)(3)
Từ (1); (3) => \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
"=" xảy ra <=> a=3; b=1/3; c=1 và các hoán vị