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Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x}=a; \sqrt[3]{2x-3}=b$. Ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b=\sqrt[3]{4(a^3+b^3)}\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=4(a^3+b^3)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+b^3=ab(a+b)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (a-b)^2(a+b)=0(1)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ $(1)$ suy ra $a=b$ hoặc $a=-b$.
Nếu $a=b$. Thay vào $(2)$ suy ra $a^3=b^3=3$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2x-3=3$ (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $a=-b$. Thay vào $(2)$ suy ra $a^3=1; b^3=-1$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; 2x-3=-1$ (thỏa mãn)
Vậy $x=3$ hoặc $x=1$
\(\sqrt[3]{x}+\sqrt[3]{2x-3}=\sqrt[3]{12\left(x-1\right)}\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+2x-3+3.\sqrt[3]{x\left(2x-3\right)}.\left(\sqrt[3]{x}+\sqrt[3]{2x-3}\right)=12x-12\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{12x\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}=3x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=[3\left(x-1\right)]^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)=27\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24x^3-60x^2+36x=27x^3-81x^2+81x-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-21x^2+45x-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\). Thử lại ta thấy cả x=1;x=3 đều t/m bài toán
Vậy, pt có tập nghiệm là S={1;3}
Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x}=a; \sqrt[3]{2x-3}=b$. Ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b=\sqrt[3]{4(a^3+b^3)}\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=4(a^3+b^3)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+b^3=ab(a+b)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (a-b)^2(a+b)=0(1)\\ 2a^3-b^3=3(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ $(1)$ suy ra $a=b$ hoặc $a=-b$.
Nếu $a=b$. Thay vào $(2)$ suy ra $a^3=b^3=3$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2x-3=3$ (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $a=-b$. Thay vào $(2)$ suy ra $a^3=1; b^3=-1$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; 2x-3=-1$ (thỏa mãn)
Vậy $x=3$ hoặc $x=1$
Tham khảo:
1) Giải phương trình : \(11\sqrt{5-x}+8\sqrt{2x-1}=24+3\sqrt{\left(5-x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\) - Hoc24
\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow2x-2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}=1+x\sqrt{2x-1}-2x\sqrt{x+3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2\right)-\left(2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}-4\right)=\left(x\sqrt{2x-1}-x\right)-\left(2x\sqrt{x+3}-4x\right)-3x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(2x^2+5x-7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}=\dfrac{x\left(2x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}-3\left(x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}>-\dfrac{2\cdot8}{4}=-4\)
\(-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}>-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}>0\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)>2-4-\dfrac{1}{2}+3=\dfrac{1}{2}>0\) nên (1) vô nghiệm
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=1\)
\(\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{x^2+4x+3}\right)=2x\left(đk:x\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+3-x-1\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+3}+x\sqrt{x+1}-x^2-\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)-x\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{x+1}\\x=\sqrt{x+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2-x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\sqrt{10-x^2}=x^2-x-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\cdot\sqrt{10-x^2}-\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(\sqrt{10-x^2}-x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\\sqrt{10-x^2}=x-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\10-x^2=x^2-8x+16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x^2-8x+16-10+x^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\2x^2-8x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\2\left(x^2-4x+3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)