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1. Despite her dislikes for coffee , she drank it to keep herself warm ( although)
→ Although she didn't like coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.
2. Mary will take a plane , even though she dislikes flying ( in spite of)
→ In spite of her dislikes flying, Mary will take a plane.
3. In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest , she managed to smile ( although )
→ Although Marcy was sad at losing the contest, she managed to smile.
4. We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy (despite)
→ Despite the cloudy sky, we took many pictures.
5. Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children ( even though)
→ The woman told interesting stories to the children, even though her poor memory.
6. Though he has been absent frequently , he has managed to pass the test ( in spite of )
→ In spite of having been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.
7. Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so ( though )
→ Nancy told me the secret, though she has promised not to do so.
8. We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize (even though)
→ We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing, even though we know we will not win a prize.
9. In spite of the high price , my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday ( even though)
→ Even though the price was high, my daughter insist on going to the movies every Sunday.
10. He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet ( in spite of)
→ In spite of being on a diet, he ate the chocolate cake.
11. He left school, because his life was hard ( because of)
→ Because of his hard life, he left school.
12. John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodical work ( because)
→ John succeeded in his exam, because he worked hard and methodical work.
13. We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain (because)
→ Because it rained heavily, we didnt want to go out.
14. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine ( despite)
→ Despite having much experience in machinery, he didn't succeed in repairing this machine.
15. In spite of the darkness , they continued to work (though)
→ They continued to work, though it was dark.
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of being a poor student, Tom studied very well
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
Because of being sick,Mary couldn’t go to school
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite the bad weather,she went to school on time
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of my sickness,my mother told me to go to school
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of a big storm, I stayed at home
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite Tom’s bad grade,he was admitted to the university
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite her physical handicap,she has become a successful woman
8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although Tom got a good salary, he gave up his job
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of having not finished the paper,he went to sleep
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies
Exercise: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses
1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although)
=>Although she has plenty of money, she is very mean.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
=>Though they have a car ,they rarely use it.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although)
=>Although he was innocent, he was sent to prison .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
=>Even though he has number of relatives nearby, he never visits them.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though)
=>Even though she never takes any kind of exercise, she is quite fit and healthy......................................................................................................................................................................................................6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although)
=>Although the keyboard wasn't working well, she tried to finish the letter .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although)
=>Although the forecast said it would rain,it turned out to be a beautiful day......................................................................................................................................................................................................
8.I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though)
=>Even though l'm no better, l've taken the bill
I didn't recognize her although i'd met her twice before.(in spite of )
.................................In spite of meeting her twice before, I didn't recognize her...............................................................
We're not very good fiends although we've known each other a long time .(despite)
......................................Despite having known each other a long time, we're not very good friends/ Despite the fact that we've known each other a long time, we're very good friends........................................................
although minh was ill, he still came to the meeting (in spite of )
.............................................In spite of his illness/ being ill/ the fact that he was ill , Minh still came to the meeting .......................................
although he promised that he wouldn't be late , he didn't arrive until (despite)
..........................................Despite the fact that he promised that he wouldn't be late, he didn't arrive until ..... ...............................................
1....old enough to watch this kind of horror film.
2....5 students, Mary is the smartest student.
3....were made study hard at school and at home by their teacher.
4....don't we go to New Age Movie Theater tonight?
6....is very well-known although I have forgotten his name.
8....were you, I would take the medicine.
1. Gloria made a lot of friends by Work in the cafeteria. - working
2. You should do nothing but waiting - wait
3. The doctor suggested that she does not smoke. - do
4. It is important that medicines are checked. - be
5. Most children enjoy reading picture books while teenagers prefers novels. - prefer
6. Almost everyone fails passing his driving test on the first try. - to pass
7. When my grandfather was young, he used to walk along the river, and watching boats. - watch
8. A city University professor reported that he discovers a vaccine which could reduce a the instances of tooth decay among children. - discovered
9. Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich the soil and increasing yield - increase
10. Because the approaching storm, the wind began to blow hard and the sky became dark - Because of
11. I wish I had studied chemistry well and will become a pharmacist. - would have
12. As a pharmacist, he works not only careful but also orderly - carefully
13. It is imperative that a graduate student maintains a grade point average of "8 in his major. - maintain
14. She has not finished writing the essay yet, and neither I have - do I
15. My parents never let me going out in the evening. - go
1) Many people began to wearing jeans because they were cheap.
=> Because of the cheapness of jeans, many people began to wearing them
2 ) Since he was careless, Tom lost the game.
=> Because of Tom’s carelessness, he lost the game
3) Although she behaves well, no one loves her.
=> Despite her good behaviour, no one loves her
4) Because of the cold weather, the crops are late this year.
=> Because the weather is cold, the crops are late this year
5) Mary was worried because Tom was late.
=> Because of Tom’s lateness, Mary was worried
6) Tom walked slowly because his leg was bad.
=> Because of Tom’s bad leg, he walked slowly
7) I came here because I want the English course.
=> Because of wanting the English course, I came here
8) I went to school although it was hot.
=> Despite the hot weather, I went to school
9) Because of the dust in the room, I can’t go in.
=> Because there is the dust in the room, I can’t go in.
10) Because of too much smoke, we have to wear masks .
=> Because there is a lot of smoke, we have to wear masks
1) Many people began to wearing jeans because they were cheap.
=> Because of the cheapness of jeans, many people began to wearing them.
2 ) Since he was careless, Tom lost the game.
=> Because of Tom’s carelessness, he lost the game.
3) Although she behaves well, no one loves her.
=> Despite her good behaviour, no one loves her.
4) Because of the cold weather, the crops are late this year.
=> Because the weather is cold, the crops are late this year.
5) Mary was worried because Tom was late.
=> Because of Tom’s lateness, Mary was worried.
6) Tom walked slowly because his leg was bad.
=> Because of Tom’s bad leg, he walked slowly.
7) I came here because I want the English course.
=> Because of wanting the English course, I came here.
8) I went to school although it was hot.
=> Despite the hot weather, I went to school
9) Because of the dust in the room, I can’t go in.
=> Because there is the dust in the room, I can’t go in.
10) Because of too much smoke, we have to wear masks .
=> Because there is a lot of smoke, we have to wear masks.
BẠN HỌC TỐT!!
Exercise 1: Give the the correct form of the word in brackets.
23. He postponed (make) ____making_________a decision until it was too late (do) ______to do______anything.
24. Try (forget) ______to forget_______it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____worrying________about it.
25. There is no point in (remain) ____remaining____in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _____to help______the people who have (stay) ______to stay_______ there.
26. The horse won’t be well enough (run) ______to run_______in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have) ______to have_______recovered from his long journey.
27. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____listening________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) ______hearing_______the same story again and again.
28. She is not eager (start) _____to start________her job.
29. Do stop (talk)______talking_______ I am trying (finish) _______to finish______the report
30. He tried (put) _______putting______on the shirt to see whether it fit him or not.
31. He wore dark glasses (avoid) ______to advoid being recognized_______. (recognize) _____________
32. I advised you (start) ______to start_______ (look) ________looking_____…. For a flat at once.
33. I can’t help (sneeze) ______sneezing______ I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) _____sitting________ in a draught.
34. He had to pay for the (break)______breaking_______ glass.
35. It’s very hot. I’d like (go) _______to go______ out for awalk.
36. Those boys are very lazy. They feel like (play) _____playing________all the time.
37. Most all people would prefer (live) ______to live_______ in the country.
39. I prefer (drive) _______driving______ to (drive) ______driving_______.
40. He has failed in the exam, and he regrets (be) _____being________.so lazy before.
41. Try (forget) _______to forget______. It; it isn’t worth (worry) ________worrying_____about.
42. It took me along time (recover) _______to recover______from the shock.
43. She would rather (stay) ______to stay_______ at home tonight.
44. This test is not easy (do) _____to do________.
45. I heard them (talk) _____talking________about me when I entered the room.
46. They often go (swim) ______swimming_______ in the river nearby.
47. At first I enjoyed (listen) _______listening______. to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) ____hearing______ the same story again again.
48. Our teacher has promised (help) _______to help______ us (prepare) ______prepare_______… for the exam.
49. I have decided (allow) ______to allow_______. My friend (do) _____do_______ as she pleases.
50. He spends his free time (collect) ____collecting______stamps, he has taken up (do) _____doing_____ this for a long time.
51. Peter, I have something (tell)______to tell_______you.
52. I can’t imagine (not have) _____not to have________ a car.
53. If I have got a headache, why don’t you try (take) _____taking________ an aasprin?
54. We are arranged (meet) _____to meet_______out side the school at 4;30.
55. Have you ever considered (work) ______working_______as a teacher/
56. Harry says she doesn’t remember (meet) _____meeting________Sally before.
57. I really miss (play) _______playing______…. tennis as I used to.
58. The man showed me what (do) ______to do______in the village.
59. The teacher is busy (explain) _____to explain_______the plain.
60. The secretary still has some letters (type) ______to type_______
61. They needn’t (work) _____work_______that hard.
62. There are many questions (answer) ______to answer_______
63. There is no use (call) _____calling________him at this time.
64. He smelt something (burn) ______burning_______ in the kitchen
65. Because of heavy rain, they delayed (play)_____playing________ the match.
66. I had to ask the boys (stop) ______to stop_______ (make) ______making______ noisy.
67. The teacher recommended (do)_____to do______more homework but he was too lazy (take)____to take____his advise.
68. I looking forward to (see) ______seeing_______ you
69. He dreads (have) _____having________ to retire.
70. He urged us (work) ______to work_______ faster
III. REWRITE
4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.
-> Though the air in the country is polluted, people like to live there.
6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.
-> Because you don't pass the exam, your parents are not happy.
9. The movie was so funny that we couldn't stop laughing.
-> It was such a funny movie that we couldn't stop laughing.
10. No one could move the piano. It was very heavy.
-> The piano was too heavy for anyone to move.
The piano was too heavy to be moved.
IV. Clauses of Reason: Because, Because of, As a result of, As a consequence
11. Peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick.
-> Because of his sickness, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
Because of the fact that Peter was sickness, he didn't go to school yesterday.
Because of being sick, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
12. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
-> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.
Because of her tiredness, Mary went to bed early.
Because of the fact that Mary felt tired, she went to bed early.
13. She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a cold.
-> Because of having a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
Because of the fact that she had a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
14. Iohn succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
-> Because of working hard, Iohn succeeded in his exam.
Because of the fact that John worked hard, he succeeded in his exam.
15. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
-> Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed at home.
Because of the fact that her mother was sick, she stayed at home.
16. I like him because his father is kind to me.
-> Because of his father's kindness, I like him.
Because of the fact that his father is kind to me, I like him.
17. I couldn't do the test because it was difficult.
-> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test.
Because of the fact that the test was difficult, I couldn't do the it.
VII. Hoàn thành những câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
1. He climbed the tree in order to/so as to get a better view.
2. You should get up early so that/in order that you will have time to review your lesson.
3. Some young people like to earn their own living so that/in order that they will be independent of their parents.
4. We should do morning exercise regularly in order to/so as to improve our health.