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1. Despite her dislikes for coffee , she drank it to keep herself warm ( although)
→ Although she didn't like coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.
2. Mary will take a plane , even though she dislikes flying ( in spite of)
→ In spite of her dislikes flying, Mary will take a plane.
3. In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest , she managed to smile ( although )
→ Although Marcy was sad at losing the contest, she managed to smile.
4. We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy (despite)
→ Despite the cloudy sky, we took many pictures.
5. Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children ( even though)
→ The woman told interesting stories to the children, even though her poor memory.
6. Though he has been absent frequently , he has managed to pass the test ( in spite of )
→ In spite of having been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.
7. Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so ( though )
→ Nancy told me the secret, though she has promised not to do so.
8. We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize (even though)
→ We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing, even though we know we will not win a prize.
9. In spite of the high price , my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday ( even though)
→ Even though the price was high, my daughter insist on going to the movies every Sunday.
10. He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet ( in spite of)
→ In spite of being on a diet, he ate the chocolate cake.
11. He left school, because his life was hard ( because of)
→ Because of his hard life, he left school.
12. John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodical work ( because)
→ John succeeded in his exam, because he worked hard and methodical work.
13. We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain (because)
→ Because it rained heavily, we didnt want to go out.
14. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine ( despite)
→ Despite having much experience in machinery, he didn't succeed in repairing this machine.
15. In spite of the darkness , they continued to work (though)
→ They continued to work, though it was dark.
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of being a poor student, Tom studied very well
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
Because of being sick,Mary couldn’t go to school
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite the bad weather,she went to school on time
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of my sickness,my mother told me to go to school
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of a big storm, I stayed at home
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite Tom’s bad grade,he was admitted to the university
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite her physical handicap,she has become a successful woman
8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although Tom got a good salary, he gave up his job
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of having not finished the paper,he went to sleep
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies
56. Hardly had he left the house, it began to rain.
57. Jane told Jack to read her exercise , and told her if it was correct.
58. * Despite being old , he goes jogging every morning.
* Despite his age, he goes jogging every morning.
* Despite the fact that he is old, he goes jogging every morning.
59. He was punished by the master.
60. So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all.
use the correct form of the word given in each sentence.
1. do you feel comfortable and relaxed at the party ? ( comfort )
2. the accident deafened him for life. ( deaf)
3. the plane landed safely after a violent storm ( safe )
4. it is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets ( compel )
5. he has a wide knowledge of painting and music (know)
rewrite the sentences so that they are nearest in meaning to the sentence printed before them,
1. lisa has always been mean with money , so she doesn't have many friends.
=> if lisa weren't always mean with money , she would have many friends.
2. i can't speak french as well as alain
=> alain speaks French better than me.
3. despite knowing the area well, i got lost
=> even though I knew the area well, I got lost.
4. the trip was terrifically exciting to the students
=> the students felt terrifically excited about the trip.
5. it isn't necessary to finish all your homework tonight
=> you don't have to finish all your homework tonight.
Used to or didn't use to
1. Patrick .......didn't used to take photos..............(photos) but he loves using his new camera.
2. You ...used to lazyly..........................(lazy) but you are working very hard this term.
3. I .....didn't used to slime...................... (slim) but I've lost weight.
4. Bobby ......used to ride a bike..................( a bike) but he drives a car now
5. Bertie ......didn't used to my brother's friend............. (my brother) but they've become friends recently .
6. Nora ...didn't used to go to the cinema...................(the cinema) very often but she sees lots of films now.
7. My sister ...used to shy.................(shy) but she enjoys parties now.
8. We .....used to play sports..................(sport) so we often play tennis these day.
9. Joanna ....didn't used to a vegetarian..................(a vegetarian) but she had a sausage for breakfast.
10. They .......didn't used to go to the city center .......................( the city centre) and their new house is in the country
III. REWRITE
4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.
-> Though the air in the country is polluted, people like to live there.
6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.
-> Because you don't pass the exam, your parents are not happy.
9. The movie was so funny that we couldn't stop laughing.
-> It was such a funny movie that we couldn't stop laughing.
10. No one could move the piano. It was very heavy.
-> The piano was too heavy for anyone to move.
The piano was too heavy to be moved.
IV. Clauses of Reason: Because, Because of, As a result of, As a consequence
11. Peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick.
-> Because of his sickness, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
Because of the fact that Peter was sickness, he didn't go to school yesterday.
Because of being sick, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
12. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
-> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.
Because of her tiredness, Mary went to bed early.
Because of the fact that Mary felt tired, she went to bed early.
13. She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a cold.
-> Because of having a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
Because of the fact that she had a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
14. Iohn succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
-> Because of working hard, Iohn succeeded in his exam.
Because of the fact that John worked hard, he succeeded in his exam.
15. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
-> Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed at home.
Because of the fact that her mother was sick, she stayed at home.
16. I like him because his father is kind to me.
-> Because of his father's kindness, I like him.
Because of the fact that his father is kind to me, I like him.
17. I couldn't do the test because it was difficult.
-> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test.
Because of the fact that the test was difficult, I couldn't do the it.
VII. Hoàn thành những câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
1. He climbed the tree in order to/so as to get a better view.
2. You should get up early so that/in order that you will have time to review your lesson.
3. Some young people like to earn their own living so that/in order that they will be independent of their parents.
4. We should do morning exercise regularly in order to/so as to improve our health.
Exercise: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses
1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although)
2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though)=>Although she has plenty of money, she is very mean.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
=>Though they have a car ,they rarely use it.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although)
=>Although he was innocent, he was sent to prison .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
=>Even though he has number of relatives nearby, he never visits them.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though)
=>Even though she never takes any kind of exercise, she is quite fit and healthy......................................................................................................................................................................................................6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although)
=>Although the keyboard wasn't working well, she tried to finish the letter .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although)
=>Although the forecast said it would rain,it turned out to be a beautiful day......................................................................................................................................................................................................
8.I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though)
=>Even though l'm no better, l've taken the bill