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\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+...+\frac{2014}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(2A=2+1+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{2014}{2^{2013}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}\)
Trừ dưới cho trên:
\(A=2+0+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(A=2-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
Xét \(B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
\(2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
Trừ dưới cho trên: \(B=1-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}+1-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}=3-\left(\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)\)
Nhìn thế này chắc đề yêu cầu so sánh với 3
\(4.M=4.\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+...+\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+...+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
=> 4M - M = \(1+\left(\frac{2}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{4^2}-\frac{2}{4^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2013}{4^{2013}}\right)-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
=> 3.M = \(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
Tính \(N=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(4.N=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2012}}\)
=> 4N - N = 4 - \(\frac{1}{4^{2013}}\)=> N = \(\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2013}}\)=> N < 4/3
Ta có: 3M < N => M < N/3 => M < (4/3)/3 = 2/9
vậy M < 4/9
Ta có :
\(T=\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+\frac{4}{2^4}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(T-\frac{1}{2}T=\left(\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}\right)-\left(\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+\frac{4}{2^4}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2}{2^2}-\frac{3}{2^3}-\frac{4}{2^4}-...-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\left(\frac{3}{2^2}-\frac{2}{2^2}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{2^3}-\frac{3}{2^3}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2014}{2^{2014}}\right)-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(1+A-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T< \frac{3}{2}-\left(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T.2< \frac{3}{2}.2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(T< 3\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(T< 3\)
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