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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\)\(+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\)
\(+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.3=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(taco:\)
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(dpcm\right)\)
^^
Mình giải lại bài này cho đầy đủ hơn nhé: (nãy chỉ là hướng dẫn thôi)
Ta sẽ c/m: \(\frac{1}{x^2+x}\ge-\frac{3}{4}x+\frac{5}{4}\) (1).Thật vậy,xét hiệu hai vế,ta có:
\(VT-VP=\frac{\left(3x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{4\left(x^2+x\right)}\ge0\)
Suy ra \(VT\ge VP\).Vậy (1) đúng.
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế,ta có:
\(VT\ge-\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{5}{4}.3=\frac{3}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
ta có \(\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{x^2+x}{4}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\frac{1\cdot\left(x^2+x\right)}{\left(x^2+x\right)\cdot4}}=1\)
tương tự => \(\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}>=1;\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}>=1\)
=> VT >= 3-(\(\frac{x^2+x}{4}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}\))=3-\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3}{4}\)
mà \(\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{4}>=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4+4+4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=> P>= 3-3/4-3/4=3/2
Dấu bằng khi x=y=z=1
Bài bạn Lương Ngọc Anh bị ngược dấu nên sai hoàn toàn. Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
Tương tự, ta được:
\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Do đó:
\(VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=3\left(2\right)\)
TỪ (1) VÀ (2) TA CÓ ĐIỀU PHẢI CHỨNG MINH.
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(z+x+y\right)^2}\ge16\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
giả sử cả 3 số xyz đều nhỏ hơn 1
=>x+y+z<1+1+1=3
ta có x+y+z>\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)=\(\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\)\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{abc}\) =\(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{1}}=3\) vậy x+y+z >3
từ đó sẽ có ít nhất 1 trong 3 số lớn hơn 1
1) \(21x^2+21y^2+z^2\)
\(=18\left(x^2+y^2\right)+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\ge9\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2+3.2xy\)
\(\ge2.3\left(x+y\right).z+6xy\)
\(=6\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=6.13=78\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y ; 3(x+y) = z; xy + yz + zx= 13 <=> x = y = 1; z= 6
2) \(x+y+z=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=3\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)=> ab + bc + ca = 3
Ta cần chứng minh: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2\ge6\)
Ta có: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2=\left(a^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+b^2\)
\(\ge2ac+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\ge2ac+2\left(a+c\right).b=2\left(ac+ab+bc\right)=6\)
Vậy: \(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{3}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\); \(b=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)
khi đó: \(x=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}};y=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz=z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)=36\)
áp dụng BĐT cosi :
\(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2z\left(x+y\right)\)
<=> \(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)\ge4z\left(x+y\right)=36< =>z\left(x+y\right)\ge9\)
ta lại có \(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}=\dfrac{x}{xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\) áp dụng BĐT buhihacopxki dạng phân thức => \(\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{yz+xz}=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}yz=xz< =>x=y\\x+y+z=6\\z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=6\\z=2x=2y\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
-Ủa vì sao\(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\)? Đáng lẽ là \(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\le\dfrac{4}{9}\) chứ?
Đặt \(A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{9}{9x}+\dfrac{9}{9y}+\dfrac{9}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{1}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{1}{9z}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\dfrac{8}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1^2}{x}+\dfrac{1^2}{y}+\dfrac{1^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{9x}}+2\sqrt{y.\dfrac{1}{9y}}+2\sqrt{z.\dfrac{1}{9z}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3^2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2.\dfrac{1}{3}.3+8=2+8=10\)
Vậy ta có BĐT cần chứng minh.
Dấu\("="\) xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)