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Bài 3:
a, (\(x\)+y+z)2
=((\(x\)+y) +z)2
= (\(x\) + y)2 + 2(\(x\) + y)z + z2
= \(x^2\) + 2\(xy\) + y2 + 2\(xz\) + 2yz + z2
=\(x^2\) + y2 + z2 + 2\(xy\) + 2\(xz\) + 2yz
b, (\(x-y\))(\(x^2\) + y2 + z2 - \(xy\) - yz - \(xz\))
= \(x^3\) + \(xy^2\) + \(xz^2\) - \(x^2\)y - \(xyz\) - \(x^2\)z - y3
Đến dây ta thấy xuất hiện \(x^3\) - y3 khác với đề bài, em xem lại đề bài nhé
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{10}{9}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{9}\)
\(\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-9+12}=\dfrac{78}{13}=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6.10=60\\y=6.9=54\\z=6.12=72\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{9}{7}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{7}\)
\(\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{7}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{3}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{9-7+3}=-\dfrac{15}{5}=-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3.9=-27\\y=-3.7=-21\\z=-3.3=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{9}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{9+16+9}=\dfrac{200}{34}=\dfrac{100}{17}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{900}{17}\\y^2=\dfrac{1600}{17}\\z^2=\dfrac{900}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17}\\y=\pm\dfrac{40\sqrt{17}}{17}\\z=\pm\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy\(\left(x;y;z\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17};\dfrac{40\sqrt{17}}{17};\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17}\right),\left(-\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17};-\dfrac{40\sqrt{17}}{17};-\dfrac{30\sqrt{17}}{17}\right)\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k\\y=9k\\z=10k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=\dfrac{21}{217}\)
Trường hợp 1: \(k=\dfrac{\sqrt{93}}{31}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k=\dfrac{6\sqrt{93}}{31}\\y=9k=\dfrac{9\sqrt{93}}{31}\\z=10k=\dfrac{10\sqrt{93}}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2: \(k=-\dfrac{\sqrt{93}}{31}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k=\dfrac{-6\sqrt{93}}{31}\\y=9k=\dfrac{-9\sqrt{93}}{31}\\z=10k=\dfrac{-10\sqrt{93}}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x^2}{36}=\dfrac{y^2}{81}=\dfrac{z^2}{100}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau
\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x^2}{36}=\dfrac{y^2}{81}=\dfrac{z^2}{100}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{217}=\dfrac{21}{217}=\dfrac{3}{31}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot6=\dfrac{18}{31}\\y=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot9=\dfrac{27}{31}\\z=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot10=\dfrac{30}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{z^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{z^2}{16}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+9+16}=\dfrac{116}{29}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4.4=16\\y^2=4.9=36\\z^2=16.16=16^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\\z=16\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=-6\\z=-16\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=k\left(k\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{cases}}\)
Mà \(x^2-2y^2+z^2=44\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2k\right)^2+2\left(3k\right)^2+\left(5k\right)^2=44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4k^2-18k^2+25k^2=44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2\left(4-18+25\right)=44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2.11=44\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}k=2\\k=-2\end{cases}}\)
+) Với \(k=2\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k=4\\y=3k=6\\z=5k=10\end{cases}}\)
+) Với \(k=-2\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k=-4\\y=3k=-6\\z=5k=-10\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ...
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Dùng phương pháp chặn :
x \(\le\) y \(\le\) z \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) z2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 + z2 \(\le\) 3z2
\(\Rightarrow\) 3z2 \(\ge\) 34 \(\Leftrightarrow\) z2 \(\ge\) 34/3 (1)
x2 + y2 + z2 = 34 mà x,y,z \(\in\) N \(\Rightarrow\) z2 \(\le\) 34 (2)
Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có :
34/3 \(\le\) z2 \(\le\) 34
\(\Rightarrow\) z2 \(\in\) { 16; 25}
vì z \(\in\) N\(\Rightarrow\) z \(\in\) { 4; 5}
th1 Z = 4 ta có :
x2 + y2 + 16 = 34
x2 + y2 = 12
x \(\le\) y \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\)y2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 \(\le\) 2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) 12 \(\le\)2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\ge\) 6 (*)
x2 + y2 = 12 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\le\) 12 (**)
Kết hợp (*) và (**) ta có :
6 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) 12 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 = 9 vì y \(\in\) N\(\Rightarrow\) y = 3
với y = 3 ta có : x2 + 32 = 12 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 = 12-9 = 3 \(\Rightarrow\) x = +- \(\sqrt{3}\)(loại vì x \(\in\) N)
th2 : z = 5 ta có :
x2 + y2 + 25 = 34
\(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 = 34 - 25 = 9
x \(\le\) y \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\) y2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 \(\le\)2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) 2y2 \(\ge\) 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\ge\) 9/2 (a)
x2 + y2 = 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\le\) 9 (b)
Kết hợp (a) và (b) ta có :
9/2 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 = 9 vì y \(\in\) N \(\Rightarrow\) y = 3
với y = 3 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + 32 = 9 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 = 0 \(\Rightarrow\) x = 0
kết luận (x; y; z) =( 0; 3; 5) là nghiệm duy nhất thỏa mãn pt
\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{y}{3}\right)^2=\left(\frac{z}{7}\right)^2\)
hay \(\frac{x^2}{4}=\frac{y^2}{9}=\frac{z^2}{49}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :
\(\frac{x^2}{4}=\frac{y^2}{9}=\frac{z^2}{49}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+9+49}=\frac{12}{62}=\frac{6}{31}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{6}{31}.4=\frac{24}{31}\)\(\Rightarrow x=\sqrt{\frac{24}{31}}\)
\(y^2=\frac{6}{31}.9=\frac{54}{31}\)\(\Rightarrow y=\sqrt{\frac{54}{31}}\)
\(z^2=\frac{6}{31}.49=\frac{294}{31}\)\(\Rightarrow z=\sqrt{\frac{294}{31}}\)