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Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{2}{c+a}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{2}{a+b}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.2017=\frac{2017}{4}\)
Do \(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số \(\frac{1}{a};\frac{2}{b};\frac{3}{c}\) , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{2b}+\frac{9}{3c}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+2b+3c}=\frac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\left(1\right)\)
CMTT , ta có : \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\); \(\frac{1}{3a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow F\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{3}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{36}.6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}.3=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky :
\(\left(9a^3+3b^2+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow9a^3+3b^2+c\ge\frac{1}{\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{9a^3+3b^2+c}\le a\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)\)
Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức khác và cộng theo vế :
\(P\le\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{a+b+c}{3}+\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{2}{3}+ab+bc+ac\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM - GM :
\(ab+bc+ac\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}=1\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\)
Vậy GTLN của P là 1 khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svarxơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{2b}+\dfrac{9}{3c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+2b+3c}\)\(=\dfrac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{36}{2a+3b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{36}{3a+b+2c}\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta có: \(6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge36\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=36F\)
Có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
Vì a,b,c>0 nên chia cả 2 vế cho abc:
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow36F\le18\Leftrightarrow F\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy Fmin\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(3a^2+4ab+b^2=3a^2+3ab+ab+b^2=3a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)=\left(3a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
xong AM -GM
Lời giải:
Từ \(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)(a+b+b+c+c+c)\geq (1+1+1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{a}\geq \frac{36}{b+2c+3a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}\geq \frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa thu được ở trên theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\frac{6}{a}+\frac{6}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{36}{b+2c+3a}+\frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\geq 36F\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 18\geq 36F\Leftrightarrow F\leq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(F_{\max}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}\)
Ta tách VT=A+B và xét
\(A=\frac{3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{3c}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(3a-\frac{3ab}{2}\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{1}{1+a^2}=\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\text{∑}\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=A+B=3+\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\text{∑}ab=\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{15}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=6\)
(Do \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=3\))
Dấu = khi a=b=c=1
Câu hỏi của ミ★¢тƙ_⁰⁷★彡 - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath