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a)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^5} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^5}}}{{{2^5}}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{32}};\\{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^4}}}{{{3^4}}} = \frac{{16}}{{81}};\\{\left( { - 2\frac{1}{4}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 9}}{4}} \right)^3} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 9} \right)}^3}}}{{{4^3}}} = \frac{{-729}}{{64}};\\{\left( { - 0,3} \right)^5} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{{10}}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 243}}{{100000}};\\{\left( { - 25,7} \right)^0} = 1\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} = \frac{1}{9};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{27}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{1}{{81}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{243}}.\end{array}\)
Nhận xét:
+ Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ chẵn là một số hữu tỉ dương.
+ Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ lẻ là một số hữu tỉ âm.
\(25\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^3+\frac{1}{5}-2\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=25\cdot\frac{-1}{27}+\frac{1}{5}-2\cdot\frac{\left(-1\right)^2}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{-25}{27}+\frac{1}{5}-2\cdot\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{-98}{135}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{-233}{135}\)
\(\left(-2\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}-0,25\right):\left(2\frac{1}{4}-1\frac{1}{6}\right)\)
\(=\left(-2\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{25}{100}\right):\left(\frac{9}{4}-\frac{7}{6}\right)\)
\(=\left(-2\right)\left(\frac{75}{100}-\frac{25}{100}\right):\left(\frac{27}{12}-\frac{14}{12}\right)\)
\(=\left(-2\right)\cdot\frac{50}{100}:\frac{13}{12}\)
\(=\left(-2\right)\cdot\frac{1}{2}:\frac{13}{12}\)
\(=-1\cdot\frac{12}{13}=-\frac{12}{13}\)
\(A=\left(3\dfrac{1}{3}+2,5\right):\left(3\dfrac{1}{6}-4\dfrac{1}{5}\right)-\dfrac{11}{31}\\ =\left(\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{5}{2}\right):\left(\dfrac{19}{6}-\dfrac{21}{5}\right)-\dfrac{31}{11}\\ =\left(\dfrac{30}{6}+\dfrac{15}{6}\right):\left(\dfrac{95}{30}-\dfrac{126}{30}\right)-\dfrac{31}{11}\\ =\dfrac{45}{6}:\dfrac{-21}{30}-\dfrac{31}{11}\\ =\dfrac{15}{2}\times\dfrac{-10}{7}-\dfrac{31}{11}=-\dfrac{75}{7}-\dfrac{31}{11}=-\dfrac{825}{77}-\dfrac{217}{77}=\dfrac{-1042}{77}\)
\(B=\left(-6\right).10:\left[-0,25+\dfrac{1}{2}:\left(-2\right)\right]+1\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =-60:\left(\dfrac{-1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{-1}{2}\right)+1\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =-60:\left(\dfrac{-1}{4}+\dfrac{-1}{4}\right)+1\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =-60:\left(\dfrac{-1}{2}\right)+1\dfrac{3}{4}=120+1\dfrac{3}{4}=121\dfrac{3}{4}\)
A = (1 - 2/3 + 4/3) - (4/5 - 1) + (7/5 + 2)
A= (3/3 - 2/3 + 4/3) - (4/5 - 5/5) + (7/5 + 10/5)
A= 5/3 + 1/5 + 17/5
A= 5/3 +18/5
A= 25/15 + 54/15
A= 79/15
B= (-3 + 3/4 - 1/3 ) : (5 + 2/5 - 2/3)
B= (-36/12 + 9/12 - 4/12) : (75/15 + 6/15 - 10/15)
B= -31/12 : 71/15
B= -155/284
C= (3/5 - 4/5 ) . (2/7 - 3/14) - (5/9 - 7/27) . (1 - 3/5) + (1 - 11/12) . (1-11/12)
C= -1/5 . 1/14 - 8/27 . 2/5 + 1/12 . 1/12
C=-1/70 - 16/135 + 1/144
C=-216/15120 - 1792/15120 + 105/15120
C=-1903/15120
a) \(A=\left(1:\frac{1}{4}\right).4+25\left(1:\frac{16}{9}:\frac{125}{64}\right):\left(-\frac{27}{8}\right)\)
\(=4.4+25.\frac{36}{125}:\frac{-27}{8}\)
\(=16-\frac{32}{15}=\frac{240}{15}-\frac{32}{15}=\frac{208}{15}\)
A=0,125 • 4 • 16/9•4/5•27/8=12/5
\(A=\left(0,25\right)^{-1}.\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{-2}.\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2.\left(\frac{5}{4}\right)^{-1}.\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{-3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=4^1.4^2.\frac{16}{9}.\frac{4}{5}\frac{27}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{64}{1}.\frac{16}{9}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{27}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1536}{5}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1536}{5}\)