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Dùng phương pháp chặn :
x \(\le\) y \(\le\) z \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) z2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 + z2 \(\le\) 3z2
\(\Rightarrow\) 3z2 \(\ge\) 34 \(\Leftrightarrow\) z2 \(\ge\) 34/3 (1)
x2 + y2 + z2 = 34 mà x,y,z \(\in\) N \(\Rightarrow\) z2 \(\le\) 34 (2)
Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có :
34/3 \(\le\) z2 \(\le\) 34
\(\Rightarrow\) z2 \(\in\) { 16; 25}
vì z \(\in\) N\(\Rightarrow\) z \(\in\) { 4; 5}
th1 Z = 4 ta có :
x2 + y2 + 16 = 34
x2 + y2 = 12
x \(\le\) y \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\)y2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 \(\le\) 2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) 12 \(\le\)2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\ge\) 6 (*)
x2 + y2 = 12 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\le\) 12 (**)
Kết hợp (*) và (**) ta có :
6 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) 12 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 = 9 vì y \(\in\) N\(\Rightarrow\) y = 3
với y = 3 ta có : x2 + 32 = 12 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 = 12-9 = 3 \(\Rightarrow\) x = +- \(\sqrt{3}\)(loại vì x \(\in\) N)
th2 : z = 5 ta có :
x2 + y2 + 25 = 34
\(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 = 34 - 25 = 9
x \(\le\) y \(\Rightarrow\) x2 \(\le\) y2 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + y2 \(\le\)2y2 \(\Rightarrow\) 2y2 \(\ge\) 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\ge\) 9/2 (a)
x2 + y2 = 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 \(\le\) 9 (b)
Kết hợp (a) và (b) ta có :
9/2 \(\le\) y2 \(\le\) 9 \(\Rightarrow\) y2 = 9 vì y \(\in\) N \(\Rightarrow\) y = 3
với y = 3 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 + 32 = 9 \(\Rightarrow\) x2 = 0 \(\Rightarrow\) x = 0
kết luận (x; y; z) =( 0; 3; 5) là nghiệm duy nhất thỏa mãn pt
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\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-5x+4y+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-xy\right)-\left(4x-4y\right)-x+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-y\right)-4\left(x-y\right)-x+9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-y-1\right)=-5\)
Do \(x;y\in Z\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right);\left(x-y-1\right)\in Z\)
Ta có các trường hợp sau
+ TH1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=1\\x-y-1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ TH2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=-1\\x-y-1=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ TH3:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=5\\x-y-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ TH4:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=-5\\x-y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(8\left|x-2017\right|=25-y^{2\text{}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left|x-2017\right|+y^2=25=25+0=24+1=21+4=16+9\)
Mà \(8\left|x-2017\right|\) chẵn nên ta có các trường hợp sau:
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left|x-2017\right|=0\\y^2=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2017\\y=\pm5\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left|x-2017\right|=24\\y^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2020\\x=2014\end{matrix}\right.\\y=\pm5\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left|x-2017\right|=16\\y^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2019\\x=2015\end{matrix}\right.\\y=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(x^2+3x+5=xy+2y\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-xy-2y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2\right)-y\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-y+1\right)=-3=\left(-1\right)\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot1\)
\(TH_1:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-3\\x-y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-5;-5\right)\\ TH_2:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=3\\x-y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(1;3\right)\\ TH_3:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=1\\x-y+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-1;3\right)\\ TH_4:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-1\\x-y+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-3;-5\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-5;-5\right);\left(1;3\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right)\)