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Gọi nFe=a(mol);nM=b(mol)⇒56a+Mb=9,6(1)
Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2
M+2HCl→MCl2+H2
nH2=a+b=0,2⇒a=0,2−b
Ta có :
56a+Mb=9,656a+Mb=9,6
⇔56(0,2−b)+Mb=9,6
⇔Mb−56b=−1,6
⇔b(56−M)=1,6
⇔b=1,656−M
Mà 0<b<0,20<b<0,2
Suy ra : 0<1,656−M<0,20<1,656−M<0,2
⇔M<48(1)
M+2HCl→MCl2+H2
nM=nH2<5,622,4=0,25
⇒MM>4,60,25=18,4
+) Nếu M=24(Mg)
Ta có :
56a+24b=9,656a+24b=9,6
a+b=0,2a+b=0,2
Suy ra a = 0,15 ; b = 0,05
mFe=0,15.56=8,4(gam)
mMg=0,05.24=1,2(gam)
+) Nếu M=40(Ca)
56a+40b=9,656a+40b=9,6
a+b=0,2
Suy ra a = b = 0,1
mCa=0,1.40=4(gam)
mFe=0,1.56=5,6(gam)
- Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27a+24b=10,2\left(1\right)\)
Khí thu được sau p/ứ là khí H2: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2 3 (mol)
a 3/2 a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 1 (mol)
b b (mol)
Từ hai PTHH trên ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%Al=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%\approx52,94\%\)
\(\%Mg=100\%-\%Al=100\%-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
\(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow^{t^0}2Fe+3H_2O\)
3 1 2 (mol)
0,5 1/6 1/3 (mol)
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.56=\dfrac{56}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}.160=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=60-m_{Fe}=60-\dfrac{56}{3}=\dfrac{124}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(a=\dfrac{124}{3}+\dfrac{80}{3}=68\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)
\(a.Đặt:n_{Mg}=3x\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh}=3x.24+x.56=19,2\\ \Rightarrow x=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.3.24=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ b.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,45+0,15=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=a\\ n_{Mg}=b\\ 65a+24b=11,3g\\ n_{H_2}=a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\\ a=0,1\\ m_{Zn}=65.0,1=6,5g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTKL:\)
\(m_X+m_{HCl}=m_M+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_M=13.4+1\cdot36.5-0.5\cdot2=48.94\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 6,3
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------->1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------------------->b
=> \(1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: MxOy + yH2 --to--> xM + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{M_xO_y}=x.M_M+16y=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}\)
=> \(M_M=21.\dfrac{2y}{x}\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=1\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=2\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=3\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) => MM = 56 (g/mol) => M là Fe
a, ptpứ:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(2\right)\)
gọi số mol Mg là x mol , số mol Al là y mol ( x; y >0)
ta có pt : \(24x+27y=6,3\left(3\right)\)
theo bài : \(nH_2=0,3mol\)
theo ptpư(1) \(nH_2=nMg=xmol\)
theo ptpư(2) \(nH_2=\dfrac{3}{2}nAl=\dfrac{3}{2}ymol\)
tiếp tục có pt : \(x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,3\left(4\right)\)
từ (3) và (4) ta có hệ pt:
\(24x+27y=6,3\\ x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,3\)
<=> \(x=0,15\) ; \(y=0,1\)
\(mMg=24x=24.0,15=3,6gam\)
\(mAl=27y=27.0,1=2,7gam\)
\(n_{Mg}=2x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot0.45=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot2x+2\cdot x=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.15\)
\(m_{hh}=0.3\cdot24+0.15\cdot56=15.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.45\cdot22.4=10.08\left(l\right)\)