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1) đkxđ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét biểu thức \(P=x^3+y^3+7xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P\ge4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge8xy\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\) (*)
Thật vậy, (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^4\ge8xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+6x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) (**)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta được:
VT(**) \(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+4x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)\(=\) VP(**)
Vậy (**) đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\). Do đó, để đẳng thức xảy ra thì \(x=y\).
Thế vào pt đầu tiên, ta được \(\sqrt{2x-3}-\sqrt{x}=2x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Rõ ràng với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2.3}{2}-3}+\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}}< 2\) nên ta chỉ xét TH \(x=3\Rightarrow y=3\) (nhận)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\)
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Do \(x^6-x^3+x^2-x+1=\left(x^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}>0\) ; \(\forall x\) nên BPT tương đương:
\(\sqrt{13}-\sqrt{2x^2-2x+5}-\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2-4x+10}+\sqrt{4x^2-8x+8}\le\sqrt{26}\) (1)
Ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2+3^2}+\sqrt{\left(2-2x\right)^2+2^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(2x-1+2-2x\right)^2+\left(3+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{26}\) (2)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt{4x^2-4x+10}+\sqrt{4x^2-8x+8}=\sqrt{26}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(2\left(2x-1\right)=3\left(2-2x\right)\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Vậy BPT có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
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Tham khảo:
1) Giải phương trình : \(11\sqrt{5-x}+8\sqrt{2x-1}=24+3\sqrt{\left(5-x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\) - Hoc24
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\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow2x-2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}=1+x\sqrt{2x-1}-2x\sqrt{x+3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2\right)-\left(2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}-4\right)=\left(x\sqrt{2x-1}-x\right)-\left(2x\sqrt{x+3}-4x\right)-3x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(2x^2+5x-7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}=\dfrac{x\left(2x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}-3\left(x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}>-\dfrac{2\cdot8}{4}=-4\)
\(-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}>-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}>0\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)>2-4-\dfrac{1}{2}+3=\dfrac{1}{2}>0\) nên (1) vô nghiệm
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=1\)
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\(\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{x^2+4x+3}\right)=2x\left(đk:x\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+3-x-1\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+3}+x\sqrt{x+1}-x^2-\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)-x\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{x+1}\\x=\sqrt{x+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2-x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
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bÀI LÀM
a) x4+x3+2x2+x+1=(x4+x3+x2)+(x2+x+1)=x2(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)=(x2+x+1)(x2+1)
b)a3+b3+c3-3abc=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3 -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)((a+b)2-(a+b)c+c2)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-ab+c2-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)
c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c
a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o
đưa về như bài b
d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung
e)x2(y-z)+y2(z-x)+z2(x-y)=x2(y-z)-y2((y-z)+(x-y))+z2(x-y)
=x2(y-z)-y2(y-z)-y2(x-y)+z2(x-y)=(y-z)(x2-y2)-(x-y)(y2-z2)=(y-z)(x2-2y2+xy+xz+yz)
a)\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\frac{2x^2-2x+2}{4x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=\frac{4x^4-8x^3+12x^2-8x+4}{16x^2-8x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(16x^2-8x+1\right)=4x^4-8x^3+12x^2-8x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^4-8x^3+17x^2-8x+1=4x^4-8x^3+12x^2-8x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2-1\right)\left(4x^2+3\right)=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
b)\(3\sqrt{x^3+8}=2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}=2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+2}=a\\\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=b\end{cases}\left(a;b\ge0\right)}\) thì
\(\Rightarrow b^2-a^2=x^2-3x+2\)
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