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1) đkxđ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét biểu thức \(P=x^3+y^3+7xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P\ge4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge8xy\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\) (*)
Thật vậy, (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^4\ge8xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+6x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) (**)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta được:
VT(**) \(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+4x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)\(=\) VP(**)
Vậy (**) đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\). Do đó, để đẳng thức xảy ra thì \(x=y\).
Thế vào pt đầu tiên, ta được \(\sqrt{2x-3}-\sqrt{x}=2x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Rõ ràng với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2.3}{2}-3}+\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}}< 2\) nên ta chỉ xét TH \(x=3\Rightarrow y=3\) (nhận)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5}x-y=\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{15}x-2\sqrt{3}\cdot y=2\sqrt{15}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{15}x+15y=21\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{3}y-15y=2\sqrt{45}-2\sqrt{15}-21\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\left(-2\sqrt{3}-15\right)=-15\sqrt{5}-2\sqrt{15}\\2\sqrt{3}\cdot x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{15\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt{3}+15}=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x=21-3\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{5}=21-15=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\x=\dfrac{6}{2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,7x-2y=3,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y=19\\4,2x+10y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y+4,2x+10y=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12,7x=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\5y=0,4-2,1x=-\dfrac{365}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\y=-\dfrac{73}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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1.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}-\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)+x^2-2x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}-\left(x+3\right)\right)+x^2-2x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x-4\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3}+x^2-2x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-4=0\\\dfrac{2x+1}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3}+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x+1+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}=-3x-4\) \(\left(x\le-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x+5=9x^2+24x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+20x+11=0\)
2.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\sqrt{2x+7}+7\sqrt{2x+7}=x^2+2x+7+7x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x\sqrt{2x+7}+2x+7\right)+7\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)^2+7\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)\left(x+7-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2x+7}\\x+7=\sqrt{2x+7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
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ĐKXĐ: \(|x|\ge|y|,y\ne0,y\ne5.\)Ta có:
Với \(x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}=0\)thế vào (1) ta được \(x=0\). Khi đó thay x=0 vào (2):
\(0=\frac{5}{6\left(5-y\right)}\)(vô lí)
\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}\ne0\), Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}}{x-\sqrt{x^2-y^2}}=\frac{9x}{5}\\\frac{x}{y}=\frac{5+3x}{6\left(5-y\right)}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{\left(x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}\right)^2}{\left(x-\sqrt{x^2-y^2}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}\right)}=\frac{9x}{5}\\6x\left(5-y\right)=\left(5+3x\right)y\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{\left(x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}\right)^2}{y^2}=\frac{9x}{5}\left(3\right)\\30x=5y+9xy\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Ta thấy Vế trái của phương trình (3) lớn hơn 0 => \(\frac{9x}{5}>0\Rightarrow x>0\)
Khi đó (4) \(\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{30x}{5+9x}>0\)
Vậy \(x,y>0\), Tiếp tục biến đổi từ (3) và (4) ta có hệ:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2+2x\sqrt{x^2-y^2}+x^2-y^2}{y^2}=\frac{9x}{5}\\\left(9x+5\right)y=30x\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2x^2}{y^2}+\frac{2x}{y}.\sqrt{\frac{x^2-y^2}{y^2}}-1=\frac{9x}{5}\\9x+5=30\frac{x}{y}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2+2\frac{x}{y}\sqrt{\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2-1}=\frac{9x+5}{5}\\\frac{9x+5}{5}=6\frac{x}{y}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2+2\frac{x}{y}\sqrt{\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2-1}=6\frac{x}{y}\left(5\right).\\9x+5=30\frac{x}{y}\left(6\right)\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}=a>0\)ta có;
\(\left(5\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2a\sqrt{a^2-1}=6a\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a\sqrt{a^2-1}-3a=0\Leftrightarrow a+\sqrt{a^2-1}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2-1}=3-a\Leftrightarrow a^2-1=9-6a+a^2\Leftrightarrow6a=10\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{5}{3}\)Thế vào (6) ta được \(9x+5=30.\frac{5}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=5\left(TMĐK\right).\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\frac{3.5}{5}=3\left(TMĐK\right).\)
Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(5;3\right).\)
Mong các bạn góp ý cho bài của mình để lần sau mình rút kinh nghiệm .cảm ơn
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đk: \(y\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(x+2\right)-\sqrt{y-1}=6\\5\left(x+2\right)-2\sqrt{y-1}=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4\left(x+2\right)-2\sqrt{y-1}=12\\5\left(x+2\right)-2\sqrt{y-1}=16\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2=4\\2\left(x+2\right)-\sqrt{y-1}=6\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y-1=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=5\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=5\end{cases}}\)
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Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x+\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)y=\sqrt{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)x+y=\sqrt{2}\\\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)x+y=3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0y=-2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}\left(vôlý\right)\\\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)x+y=3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình vô nghiệm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ĐKXĐ: ...
Xét pt đầu: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2-1}{xy}-2+\dfrac{2}{x+y}+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2-1}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{x+y}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)+2xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)+x^2+y^2-1+2xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)+\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+x+y\right)=0\)
Từ ĐKXĐ \(x+y-1\ge0\Rightarrow x+y\ge1\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+x+y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y-1=0\Rightarrow y=1-x\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(4x^2-5x+5+6\sqrt{x}=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1-x+6\sqrt{x}-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=\sqrt{x}-3\\2x-1=3-\sqrt{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)