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Đặt \(\left(x,y,z\right)\rightarrow\left(a,b,c\right)\) (chẳng có lý do j đâu mình gõ a,b,c quen hơn thôi)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(3P=\frac{3\sqrt{ab}}{c+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{3\sqrt{bc}}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{3\sqrt{ca}}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\frac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\right]\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\right]=3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\le1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\le\frac{x^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{y^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{z^2+1+1}{3}=3\)
Ta co:
\(A=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x\sqrt[3]{x}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{y\sqrt[3]{y}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{z\sqrt[3]{z}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\ge x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge3\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\ge\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\))
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz.1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx.1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy.1}}\)
\(\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}+\frac{y}{\frac{z+x+1}{3}}+\frac{z}{\frac{x+y+1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{z+x+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+zx+x}+\frac{3y^2}{yz+xy+y}+\frac{3z^2}{zx+yz+z}\)\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engle)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
\(\frac{xy\sqrt{z-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}\\ =\frac{xy\sqrt{z-1}}{xyz}+\frac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\frac{yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{z-1}}{z}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{x-3}}{x}\\ =\frac{2\sqrt{z-1}}{2z}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{y-2}}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{x-3}}{2\sqrt{3}x}\)
Áp dụng BDT Cô-si với 2 số không âm:
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{z-1}}{2z}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{y-2}}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{x-3}}{2\sqrt{3}x}\\ \le\frac{1+\left(z-1\right)}{2z}+\frac{2+\left(y-2\right)}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{3+\left(x-3\right)}{2\sqrt{3}x}\\ =\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z-1=1\\y-2=2\\x-3=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=2\\y=4\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.......
Thay 2020=x+y+z vao mẫu đc
\(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy+zx+zy+z^2}}=\frac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\frac{xy}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)(Cauchy)
Làm tương tự mấy cái kia sau đó ghép mấy cái cũng mẫu lại là ra
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=p\\\sqrt{y}=q\\\sqrt{z}=r\end{cases}}\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}p+q+r=1\\p,q,r>0\end{cases}}\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}=\frac{2pq}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(p^2+q^2+2r^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{2pq}{p+q+2r}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{pq}{p+r}+\frac{pq}{q+r}\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT \(\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\ge\frac{4}{u+v}\)) (1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{qr}{q+p}+\frac{qr}{r+p}\right)\)(2); \(\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{rp}{r+q}+\frac{rp}{p+q}\right)\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{r\left(p+q\right)}{p+q}+\frac{p\left(q+r\right)}{q+r}+\frac{q\left(r+p\right)}{r+p}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(p+q+r\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(Do p + q + r = 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(p=q=r=\frac{1}{3}\)hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{9}\)
thay 2016=xy+yz+xz vào các mẫu
dùng Cô-Si đảo vào từng phân số
sẽ dễ dàng chứng minh đc :D
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z+xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y+xz}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x+yz}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+xz}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+z}{x+z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ủng hộ và kb với mình ha ^^