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\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(ab+ac+bc\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(ab+ac+bc-bc\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-c\\a=-b\\b=-c\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Nếu \(a=-c\Rightarrow a^{2006}=c^{2006}\Rightarrow c^{2006}-a^{2006}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
- Nếu \(a=-b\Rightarrow a^{2004}=b^{2004}\Rightarrow a^{2004}-b^{2004}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
- Nếu \(b=-c\Rightarrow b^{2005}=-c^{2005}\Rightarrow b^{2005}+c^{2005}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
Vậy \(P=0\)
Xét dạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2004}}< 2\)
=>đpcm
Viết gọn lại, ta cần chứng minh:
\(\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum4\left(\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum4\left(\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{ab}}\right)=\sum\dfrac{4ab}{a+b}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum\left(2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).\dfrac{1}{4}}\right)^2=\sum a+b\)
Vậy ta cần chứng minh:
\(\sum a+b\ge\sum\dfrac{4ab}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\sum4ab\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Vậy ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vô giải tiếp
\(A=1.2.3...2018\left[\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{1009}+\dfrac{1}{1010}\right)\right]\)
\(A=1.2.3...2018.2019\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2018}+\dfrac{1}{2.2017}+...+\dfrac{1}{1009.1010}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{A}{2019}=1.2.3...2018\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2018}+\dfrac{1}{2.2017}+...+\dfrac{1}{1009.1010}\right)\).
Rõ ràng tích 1 . 2 ... 2018 chia hết cho các tích 1 . 2018; 2 . 2017; ...; 1009 . 1010; do đó \(\dfrac{A}{2019}\) là số tự nhiên.
Vậy A chia hết cho 2019.
1) Áp dụng BĐT Cô si
ta có
\(\left(\sqrt{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\inĐK\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{a+b}.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\)
vậy ĐPCM
Bài 2
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VP\le4\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge2.2\sqrt{ab}.\dfrac{1}{2}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
