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Lời giải:
Ta có: \(4+(2n-1)^4=[(2n-1)^2+2]^2-[2(2n-1)]^2\)
\(=[(2n-1)^2+2-2(2n-1)][(2n-1)^2+2+2(2n-1)]\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2n-1}{4+(2n-1)^4}=\frac{2n-1}{[(2n-1)^2+2-2(2n-1)][(2n-1)^2+2+2(2n-1)]}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{(2n-1)^2+2-2(2n-1)}-\frac{1}{(2n-1)^2+2+2(2n-1)}\right)\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{4+1^4}=\frac{1}{4}(1-\frac{1}{5})\)
\(\frac{3}{4+3^4}=\frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{17})\)
\(\frac{5}{4+5^4}=\frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{17}-\frac{1}{37})\)
......
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{4+1^4}+\frac{3}{4+3^4}+...+\frac{2n-1}{4+(2n-1)^4}=\frac{1}{4}(1-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{17}+...+\frac{1}{(2n-1)^2+2-2(2n-1)}-\frac{1}{(2n-1)^2+2+2(2n-1)})\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}(1-\frac{1}{(2n-1)^2+2+2(2n-1)})=\frac{1}{4}(1-\frac{1}{(2n-1+1)^2+1})\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}(1-\frac{1}{4n^2+1})=\frac{n^2}{4n^2+1}\)
Ta có đpcm.
n=1 ; \(\dfrac{1}{4+1^4}=\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1^2}{4.^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5};dung\)
giả sử n =k đúng \(\Leftrightarrow S=\dfrac{1}{4+1^4}+...+\dfrac{2k-1}{4+\left(2k-1\right)^4}=\dfrac{k^2}{4k^2+1}\) (*)
cần c/m đúng n =k+1 ;
c/m
với n=k+1
\(S=\left(\dfrac{1}{4+1^4}+...+\dfrac{2k-1}{4+\left(2k-1\right)^4}\right)+\dfrac{2\left(k+1\right)-1}{4+\left(2\left(k+1\right)-1\right)^4}\)
từ (*) =>\(S=\dfrac{k^2}{4k^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(k+1\right)-1}{4+\left(2\left(k+1\right)-1\right)^4}\)
\(k+1=t\Leftrightarrow k=t-1\)
\(S=\dfrac{t^2-2t+1}{4\left(t^2-2t+1\right)+1}+\dfrac{2t-1}{4+\left(2t-1\right)^4}\)
\(S=\dfrac{t^2-2t+2}{4t^2-8t+5}+\dfrac{2t-1}{\left(4t^2+1\right)\left(4t^2-8t+5\right)}=\dfrac{\left(t^2-2t+1\right)\left(4t^2+1\right)+2t-1}{\left(4t^2+1\right)\left(4t^2-8t+5\right)}\)\(S=\dfrac{t^2\left(4t^2-8t+5\right)}{\left(4t^2+1\right)\left(4t^2-8t+5\right)}=\dfrac{t^2}{\left(4t^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{4\left(k+1\right)^2+1}\)
Vậy tổng trên đúng với k +1
theo Quy nạp ta có dpcm
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1^2-2^2}{1^2}\right)\left(\frac{3^2-2^2}{3^2}\right)\left(\frac{5^2-2^2}{5^2}\right)...\left(\frac{\left(2n-1\right)^2-2^2}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-1\cdot3}{1^2}\cdot\frac{1\cdot5}{3^2}\cdot\frac{3\cdot7}{5^2}...\cdot\frac{\left(2n-3\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{1}\cdot\frac{2n+1}{2n-1}=-\frac{2n+1}{2n-1}\)
a. Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{1.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}\)< 1/(3.5)
1/(6^2) <1/(5.7)
...
1/(2n)^2 < 1/(2n-1)(2n+1)
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 < 1/(1.3) +...+1/(2n-1)(2n+1)
=> 2(1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2) < (1/1 - 1/3 +1/3 - 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/7 +...+ 1/(2n-1) - 1/(2n+1)
=>2(1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2) < 1 - 1/(2n+1) = 2n/(2n+1)
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 < 2n/(2n+1) . 1/2
Vì 2n/2n+1 < 1 => 2n/(2n+1) . 1/2 < 1/2
=> 1/2^2 +1/4^2 + 1/6^2 +...+1/(2n)^2 <1/2
Câu b tương tự
\(B=\frac{1^2}{2^2-1}.\frac{3^2}{4^2-1}....\frac{\left(2n+1\right)^2}{\left(2n+2\right)^2-1}\)
\(=\frac{1^2}{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}.\frac{3^2}{\left(4-1\right)\left(4+1\right)}...\frac{\left(2n+1\right)^2}{\left(2n+2-1\right)\left(2n+2+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(2n+1\right)^2}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(2n+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2n+1}{2n+3}\)
P/S: tham khảo nha, mk ko chắc là đúng
-Với n=1, ta thấy bthức đúng.
-Với n=k, có: \(\frac{1}{4+1^4}+\frac{3}{4+3^4}+...+\frac{2k-1}{4+\left(2k-1\right)^4}=\frac{k^2}{4k^2+1}=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4k^2+1}\)
-Giả sử bthức đúng với n=k+1, có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4\left(k+1\right)^2+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4k^2+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4k^2+1}-\frac{1}{4\left(k+1\right)^2+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2k+1}{\left(4k^2+1\right)\left(4\left(k+1\right)^2+1\right)}=\frac{2k+1}{4+\left(2k+1\right)^4}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.