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\(a^2+b^2\) = (a+b)\(^2\) - 2ab
ta có
(a+b)\(^2\) - 2ab
= a\(^2\) + 2ab + b\(^2\) - 2ab
= a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) ( đpcm)
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1) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^2+ab+ab+b^2\)
\(=a^2+2ab+b^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
2) \(\left(a-b\right)^3\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-ab-ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^3-a^2b-2a^2+2ab^2+ab^2-b^3\)
\(=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\left(dpcm\right)\)
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a, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
b, \(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2=2a^2+2b^2\)
c, \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a+b+a-b\right)=2b.2a=4ab\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2\cdot\left(a+b\right)\cdot c+c^2\\ =a^2+2ab+b^2+2ac+2bc+c^2\\ =a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2\\ 2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b+a-b\right)\left(a+b-a+b\right)\\ =2a\cdot2b=4ab\)
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(a-b)^2=(a-b)(a-b)=a^2-ab-ab+b^2=a^2-2ba+b^2
(a-b)(a+b)=a^2+ab-ab-b^2=a^2-b^2
(a+3)^3=(a+b)^2*(a+b)
=(a^2+2ab+b^2)(a+b)
=a^3+a^2b+2a^2b+2ab^2+b^2a+b^3
=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+ab\right)+\left(ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
(a+b)2=(a+b)(a+b)=a2+ab+ba+b2=a2+2ab+b2
Trong SGK có ko nhỉ '-', cái này dễ mà:<
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
(a^2+b^2)/2>=ab
<=>(a^2+b^2)>=2ab
<=> a^2+2ab+b^2>=2ab
<=>a^2+b^2>=0(luôn đúng)
=> điều phải chứng minh.
Xét hiệu: \(a^2+b^2-2ab=\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
Dấu "=" xra <=> a = b
Áp dụng ta có:
a) \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge2a.2b.2c=8abc\)
dấu "=" xra <=> a = b = c = 1
b) \(\left(a^2+4\right)\left(b^2+4\right)\left(c^2+4\right)\left(d^2+4\right)\ge4a.4b.4c.4d=256abcd\)
Dấu "=" xra <=> a = b= c = d = 2
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a ) Áp dụng BĐT phụ \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) cho các cặp số thực , ta có :
\(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge2a.2b.2c=8abc\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
b ) Làm tương tự như a )
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
a) Lại có : \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow...\Leftrightarrow a^2+1\ge2a\)
cmtt \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2b\\c^2+1\ge2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta đc: \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge2a.2b.2c=8abc\left(dpcm\right)\)
b) Tiếp tục có \(\left(a-2\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow...\Leftrightarrow a^2+4\ge4a\)
CMTT: \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+4\ge4b\\c^2+4\ge4c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta đc: \(\left(a^2+4\right)\left(b^2+4\right)\left(c^2+4\right)\ge4a.4b.4c=256abc\left(dpcm\right)\)
biến đổi vế trái ta có:
( a-b)2= (a-b).(a-b)= a2- ab-ab+ b2
= a2- 2ab+b2= vế phải
=) dpcm