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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>y\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y>0\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x-y}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x-y}=x-y+\dfrac{2xy}{x-y}=x-y+\dfrac{2}{x-y}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{x-y}\right)}=2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow MinP=2\sqrt{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(x-1;y-2;z-3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)=abc>0\)
Điều kiện bài toán trở thành :
\(a+1+b+2+c+3< 9\)
\(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}+\sqrt{c+5\left(a+1\right)+4\left(b+2\right)+3+\left(c+3\right)}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)=\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)=\left(c+3\right)+\left(a+1\right)+11+a+b+c< 3\)
\(a+b+c< 3\)
\(=\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+ab+bc+ca}\)
Mặt khác, do aa không âm, ta luôn có:
\(\text{(√a−1)2(a+2√a)≥0(a−1)2(a+2a)≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒a2−3a+2√a≥0⇒a2−3a+2a≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒2√a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c)⇒2a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c) (1)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có:\(\text{ 2√b≥b(c+a)2b≥b(c+a) (2)}\)
\(\text{2√c≥c(a+b)2c≥c(a+b) (3)}\)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(\text{2(√a+√b+√c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)2(a+b+c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)}\)
\(\text{⇔√a+√b+√c≥ab+bc+ca⇔a+b+c≥ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\text{a=b=c=0a=b=c=0 hoặc a=b=c=1a=b=c=1}\)
⇒x=...;y=...;z=...
1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.1
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu
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Bạn tham khảo ở đây nhé.
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(8x^4+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 4x(1)\)
\(8y^4+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 4y(2)\)
\(1=(x+y)^2\geq 4xy\Rightarrow \frac{1}{xy}\geq 4(3)\)
Lấy $(1)+(2)+(3)\Rightarrow 8(x^4+y^4)+3+\frac{1}{xy}\geq 4(x+y)+4=8$
$\Rightarrow 8(x^4+y^4)+\frac{1}{xy}\geq 5$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$
Câu 1:
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)+xy=11\\ (x+y)^2-3xy-2(x+y)=-31\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y=a\\ xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\) thì hệ trở thành:
\( \left\{\begin{matrix} a+b=11\\ a^2-3b-2a=-31\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} b=11-a\\ a^2-3b-2a+31=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-3(11-a)-2a+31=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a-2=0\Leftrightarrow (a-1)(a+2)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=1\\ a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $a=1\Rightarrow b=11-a=10$
Như vậy $x+y=1; xy=10$
\(\Rightarrow x(1-x)=10\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+10=0\Leftrightarrow (x-\frac{1}{2})^2=-\frac{39}{4}< 0\) (vô lý)
Nếu \(a=-2\Rightarrow b=11-a=13\)
Như vậy $x+y=-2; xy=13$
$\Rightarrow x(-2-x)=13\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+13=0\Leftrightarrow (x+1)^2=-12< 0$ (vô lý)
Vậy HPT vô nghiệm.
Câu 2:
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy-(x-y)=-3\\ (x-y)^2-(x-y)+3xy=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(xy=a; x-y=b\) thì hệ trở thành:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a-b=-3\\ b^2-b+3a=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=b-3\\ b^2-b+3a-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow b^2-b+3(b-3)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+2b-15=0\Leftrightarrow (b-3)(b+5)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} b=3\\ b=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $b=3=x-y\Rightarrow a=xy=b-3=0$
\(\Rightarrow (x,y)=(0,-3); (3,0)\)
Nếu \(b=x-y=-5\Rightarrow a=xy=b-3=-8\)
\(\Rightarrow (y-5)y=-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-5y+8=0\Leftrightarrow (y-2,5)^2=-1,75< 0\) (vô lý)
Vậy $(x,y)=(0,-3)$ hoặc $(3,0)$
Lời giải:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\leq 2\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2\leq 4\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+y)^2-(x^2+xy+y^2)\leq 1\Leftrightarrow xy\leq 1\)
Do đó:
\(t=x^2+y^2-xy=(x^2+y^2+xy)-2xy=3-2xy\geq 3-2.1=1\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=1-\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-(2+\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2})\)
\(=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{3}\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow t= x^2-xy+y^2\leq 3(x^2+xy+y^2)=3.3=9\)
Vậy \(t_{\min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(t_{\max}=9\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\sqrt{3}; -\sqrt{3})\)và hoán vị