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Bài 3:
\(B=x^4-4x^3-2x^2+12x+9=\left(x^4+x^3\right)-\left(5x^3+5x^2\right)+\left(3x^2+3x\right)+\left(9x+9\right)=\left(x^3-5x^2+3x+9\right)\left(x+1\right)=\left[\left(x^3+x^2\right)-\left(6x^2+6x\right)+\left(9x+9\right)\right]\left(x+1\right)=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)\left(x+1\right)^2=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2=\left[\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)\right]^2\)
Bài 3:
\(B=x^4-4x^3-2x^2+12x+9\)
\(=x^4-3x^3-x^3+3x^2-5x^2+15x-3x+9\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3-x^2-5x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3-3x^2+2x^2-6x+x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x-3\right)^2\)
c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+y^2-4xy+8x-4y+4\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)^2+2\cdot\left(2x-y\right)\cdot2+2^2\)
\(=\left(2x-y+2\right)^2\)
a, \(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\left(9x^2-4\right)-\left(\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-\left(3x^2-x-2\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-3x^2+x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)=0;3x^2+x-2=0\)
=> x=-1
với \(3x^2+x-2=0\)
ta sử dụng công thức bậc 2 suy ra : \(x=\dfrac{2}{3};x=-1\)
Vậy ghiệm của pt trên \(S\in\left\{-1;\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-1+x^2=x+3-x^2-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2=3\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-3-x^2-3x+10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(-5x+7\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-2;\dfrac{7}{5}\right\}\)
a.
\(x^3-7x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+2x+3x^2-9x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)+3\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-2x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)\right]\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
f.
\(x^4-4x^3+12x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-4x^3+3x^2-3x^2+12x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-4x+3\right)-3\left(x^2-4x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x+3\right)\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-3x+3\right)\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)\right]\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\\x=\pm\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài này có nhiều cách, có thể dùng đồng nhất hệ số để chứng minh số tìm được là số nguyên.
\(A=x^4-4x^3-2x^2+12x+9=x^4-2x^3-2x^3-3x^2-3x^2+4x^2+6x+6x+9\)
\(=x^4-2x^3-3x^2-2x^3+4x^2+6x-3x^2+6x+9=x^2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)-2x\left(x^2-2x-3\right)-3\left(x^2-2x-3\right)\)
\(\left(x^2-2x-3\right)\left(x^2-2x-3\right)=\left(x^2-2x-3\right)^2=\left(\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)\right)^2\left(đpcm\right)\)
a,A=(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)+1
=[(x+1)(x+4)][(x+2)(x+3)]+1
=(x2+5x+4)(x2+5x+6)
đặt x2+5x+5=a ta có
A=(a-1)(a+1)+1
=a2-1+1=a2
thay a =x2+5x+5 ta có A=(x2+5x+5)2
vì x nguyên nên x2+5x+5 nguyên
vậy A là bình phương của 1 số nguyên với mọi x nguyên
b,B=x4-4x3-2x2+12x+9
=x4+x3-5x3-5x2+3x2+3x+9x+9
=x3(x+1)-5x2(x+1)+3x(x+1)+9(x+1)
=(x+1)(x3-5x2+3x+9)
=(x+1)(x3+x2-6x2-6x+9x+9)
=(x+1)[x2(x+1)-6x(x+1)+9(x+1)]
=(x+1)(x+1)(x2-6x+9)
=(x+1)2(x+3)2
vì x nguyên nên x+1 nguyên;x+3 nguyên
vậy B là bình phương củ một số nguyên với mọi x nguyên
\(B=x^2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)-2x\left(x^2-2x-3\right)-3\left(x^2-2x-3\right)\)
\(B=\left(x^2-2x-3\right)\left(x^2-2x-3\right)=\left(x^2-2x-3\right)^2\)=> DPCM
\(B=x^4-3x^3-x^3+3x^2-5x^2+15x-3x+9\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3-x^2-5x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3-3x^2+2x^2-6x+x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)^2\) là bình phương của một số nguyên(đpcm)