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a, PT: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m oxit = mKL + mO2 = 15,6 + 0,2.32 = 22 (g)
c, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) (trong 15,6 g)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 15,6 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{3}{4}y=0,2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1,4\\y=-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây thì ra số mol âm, bạn xem lại đề nhé.
$n_{Ba} = n_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,12(mol)$
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)$
Gọi $n_{Na} = a ; n_O = b$
Ta có :
$23a + 16b + 0,12.137 = 21,1$
Bảo toàn electron : $a + 0,12.2 = 2b + 0,05.2$
Suy ra $a = \dfrac{177}{1550} ; b = \dfrac{197}{1550}$
Suy ra $m_{NaOH} = \dfrac{177}{1550}.40 = 4,57(gam)$
a)
$4Na + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Na_2O$
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$2Na + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
b)
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 4,08 - 2,48 = 1,6(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1,6}{32} = 0,05(mol)$
Đốt 2,48 gam X cần 0,05 mol $O_2$
Suy ra, đốt 4,96 gam X cần 0,1 mol $O_2$
Mà : \(\dfrac{1}{4}n_{Na}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=n_{O_2}=0,1\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}n_{Na}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\right)=2.0,1=0,2\)$V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,4(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m = 4,96 + 0,4.36,5 - 0,2.2 = 19,16(gam)$
a, \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_K=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,1.23}{0,1.23+3,9}.100\%\approx37,1\%\\\%m_K\approx62,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn e :
nO2 = 2 .nH2 = 2 . 2,24 /22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
=> khối lượng oxit = 14,51+ 0,2 . 32 = 20,91 (g)
PT: \(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
\(4K+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2K_2O\)
\(2Ba+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2BaO\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_K=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_K+n_{Ba}=\dfrac{1}{2}x+y\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}x+y=0,1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,05\left(1\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{4}n_K+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Ba}=\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL: \(a=m_{oxit}=m_X+m_{O_2}=14,51+0,05.32=16,11\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,03<------------0,03<----0,015
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,03.23}{1,31}.100\%=52,67\%\)
=> \(\%m_{Na_2O}=100\%-52,67\%=47,33\%\)
b)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{1,31.47,33\%}{62}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH
0,01----------->0,02
=> nNaOH = 0,03 + 0,02 = 0,05 (mol)
mdd sau pư = 1,31 + 18,72 - 0,015.2 = 20 (g)
=> \(C\%_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,05.40}{20}.100\%=10\%\)
\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{1,2}=\dfrac{50}{3}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{\dfrac{1}{60}}=3M\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{12,7}{36,5}=\dfrac{127}{365}\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta thấy: \(2n_{H_2}< n_{HCl}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,15\cdot2=0,3\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}-m_{H_2}=18,65\left(g\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Khi 8 gam kim loại p/ứ với HCl dư tạo 0,15 mol H2
\(\Rightarrow\) 8 gam kim loại p/ứ với H2SO4 dư cũng tạo 0,15 mol H2
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
a)Quy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba:y\left(môl\right)\\O:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{+H_2O}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}NaOH:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba\left(OH\right)_2:y\left(mol\right)\\O^{2-}:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12mol\Rightarrow y=0,12mol\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTKL:23x+137y+16z=21,9\\y=0,12\\BTe:x+2y=2z+2n_{H_2}\Rightarrow x-2z=-0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,14\\y=0,12\\z=0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,14+2\cdot0,12=0,38mol\)
\(n_{CO _2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\Rightarrow n_{CO_3^{2-}}=0,38-0,3=0,08mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_3^{2-}\downarrow}=0,08\cdot197=15,76g\)
a) P1: Na + H2O -> NaOH + 1/2 H2
x________x_____x______0,5x(mol)
Ca + 2 H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + H2
y___2y________y___y(mol)
K + H2O -> KOH + 1/2 H2
z___z______z_____0,5z(mol)
-> 0,5x+ y+ 0,5z= 0,1
<=> x+2y+z=0,2 (1)
P2: PTHH: 2 Na + 2 HCl -> 2 NaCl + H2
m____________m_____m__________0,5m(mol)
Ca + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2
n_____2n_____n___n(mol)
2K + 2 HCl -> 2 KCl + H2
p____p____p_______0,5p(mol)
-> m+2n+p=0,6 (2)
Lấy (2) chia (1), ta được:
\(\dfrac{m+2n+p}{x+2y+z}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\)
Mà số mol tỉ lệ thuận khối lượng:
=> \(\dfrac{b}{a}=3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)