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Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
=> x+y+z=0
Có \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2-3xy\right]\)
=0( do x+y+z=0)
=> \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\ge a^2b+ab^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+abc\ge a^2b+ab^2+abc=ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Chứng minh tương tự rồi cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}+\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}+\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{a+b+c}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}+\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}+\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{a+b+c}.\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(P=\frac{2a}{2\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}+2}+\frac{2b}{2\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(c^2-c+1\right)}+2}\)\(+\frac{2c}{2\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}+2}\)
\(P\ge\frac{2a}{b^2+4}+\frac{2b}{c^2+4}+\frac{2c}{a^2+4}\)
\(2P\ge\frac{4a}{b^2+4}+\frac{4b}{c^2+4}+\frac{4c}{a^2+4}=a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+4}+b-\frac{bc^2}{c^2+4}+a-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+4}\)
\(2p\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab^2}{4b}+\frac{bc^2}{4c}+\frac{ca^2}{4a}\right)\)
\(2P\ge6-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6-\frac{1}{12}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}=\frac{a}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{a^3+b^2}\ge\frac{4\sqrt{a}}{a^3+b^2}\)
Cứ tiếp tục như vậy ta sẽ có đpcm. dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{c-\left(a+b+c\right)}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{ac+bc+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)=-\left(a+b\right)ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> a = - b or b = - c or c = - a
Với a = - b thì :
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)(1)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
Xet 2 TH còn lại (b = - c; c = - a) ta cx có : \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
=> đpcm