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Câu 1:
\(S_8=u_1+u_2+u_3+...+u_8\)
\(=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^8\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{2048\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^8\right)}{1-\dfrac{5}{4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{325089}{8}\)
2: \(S_{10}=u_1+u_2+...+u_9+u_{10}\)
=>\(S_{10}=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^{10}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{10}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
\(=-6\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\right)=-6+\dfrac{6}{2^{10}}=-\dfrac{3069}{512}\)
Đặt \(u_n+\dfrac{5}{4}=v_n\)
\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{9}{4};v_2=\dfrac{13}{4}\\v_{n+2}=2v_{n+1}+3v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có CTTQ của dãy \(\left(v_n\right)\) là:
\(v_n=\dfrac{11}{24}.3^n-\dfrac{7}{8}.\left(-1\right)^n\)
(Bạn tự chứng minh theo quy nạp)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{11}{24}.3^n-\dfrac{7}{8}\left(-1\right)^n-\dfrac{5}{4}\) với \(\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_{100}\right)+u_{101}\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{11}{12}\left(3^1+3^2+...+3^{100}\right)-\dfrac{7}{4}\left(-1+1-...+1\right)-\dfrac{5}{2}.100\right]+\dfrac{11}{24}.3^{101}-\dfrac{7}{8}.\left(-1\right)^{101}-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{12}.\dfrac{3^{101}-3}{2}-250+\dfrac{11}{24}.3^{101}+\dfrac{7}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{24}.\left(2.3^{101}-3\right)-\dfrac{1993}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{4}.3^{100}-\dfrac{501}{2}\)
1:
\(S_{10}=\dfrac{u_1\cdot\left(1-q^{10}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1024}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
\(=-6\cdot\dfrac{1023}{1024}=\dfrac{-3069}{512}\)
2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\u2=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\u1\cdot q=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\q=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S_{12}=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^{12}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{6\cdot\left(1-3^{12}\right)}{1-3}=-3\cdot\left(1-3^{12}\right)\)
\(=3^{13}-3\)
Ta có: \(u_n>2020\) với mọi \(n\in N\text{*}\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Thật vậy, dễ thấy \(u_1=2021>2020\)
Giả sử \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) đúng với \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow u_k>2020\)\(\Rightarrow u_{k+1}=\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\right]u_k+\dfrac{2020}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\)
\(>\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\right].2020+\dfrac{2020}{\left(k+1\right)^2}=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\text{*}\right)\) đúng với \(n=k+1\)
Do đó theo nguyên lý quy nạp ta có đpcm.
Lại có:
\(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{2020}{\left(n+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{u_n}{\left(n+1\right)^2}< 0\) với mọi \(n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy giảm
\(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy giảm và bị chặn nên \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy hội tụ
Đặt \(limu_n=L\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2020\le L\le2021\\L=\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\right].L+\dfrac{2020}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow L=2020\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(limu_n=2020\)
Ta có: \(u_n>2020\) với mọi \(n\in N\text{*}\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Thật vậy, dễ thấy \(u_1=2021>2020\)
Giả sử \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) đúng với \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow u_k>2020\)\(\Rightarrow u_{k+1}=\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\right]u_k+\dfrac{2020}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\)
\(>\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\right].2020+\dfrac{2020}{\left(k+1\right)^2}=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\text{*}\right)\) đúng với \(n=k+1\)
Do đó theo nguyên lý quy nạp ta có đpcm.
Lại có:
\(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{2020}{\left(n+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{u_n}{\left(n+1\right)^2}< 0\) với mọi \(n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy giảm
\(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy giảm và bị chặn nên \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy hội tụ
Đặt \(limu_n=L\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2020\le L\le2021\\L=\left[1-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\right].L+\dfrac{2020}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow L=2020\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(limu_n=2020\)
\(\dfrac{u_{n+1}}{n+1}=3.\dfrac{u_n}{n}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{1}{3}\\v_{n+1}=3v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{3}.3^{n-1}=3^{n-2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=3^{-1}+3^0+...+3^8=...\)
\(S=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{u_1}\left[1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{2020}\right]}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2\left(2^{2020}-1\right)}{2^{2020}u_1}\\ P=\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_{2020}\right)+\left(u_2+u_3+...+u_{2021}\right)\\ =\left(1+q\right)\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_{2020}\right)=3u_1\left(2^{2020}-1\right)\\ \rightarrow SP=\dfrac{3\left(2^{2020}-1\right)^2}{2^{2019}}\)