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Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-b^2=-a\\b^2-c^2=-b\\c^2-a^2=-c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right).\left(a+b\right)=-a\\\left(b-c\right).\left(b+c\right)=-b\\\left(c-a\right).\left(c+a\right)=-c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)=-\frac{a}{a+b}\\\left(b-c\right)=-\frac{b}{b+c}\\\left(c-a\right)=-\frac{c}{a+c}\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(c-a\right)=-\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{b+c}\cdot\frac{c}{a+c}\right)=\frac{-abc}{-c.\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right)}=1\)
a) Ta có: \(a^2-1\le0;b^2-1\le0;c^2-1\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\le0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\le1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2-a^2b^2c^2\le1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\) ( vì \(abc\ge0\) )
Có \(b-1\le0\Rightarrow a^2b\sqrt{b}\left(b-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2b^2\le a^2b\sqrt{b}\)
Tương tự: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b^2c^2\le b^2c\sqrt{c}\\c^2a^2\le c^2a\sqrt{a}\end{cases}\Rightarrow dpcm}\)
\(\frac{ay-bx}{c}=\frac{cx-az}{b}=\frac{bz-cy}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{acy-bcx}{c^2}=\frac{bcx-abz}{b^2}=\frac{abz-acy}{a^2}=\frac{0}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\cx-az=0\\bz-cy=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2+\left(bz-ay\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2+a^2z^2-2axcz+c^2x^2+b^2z^2-2bycz\)
\(+c^2y^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
Khi đó:
\(1+a^2=ab+bc+ac+a^2=(ab+a^2)+(bc+ac)=(a+b)(a+c)\)
\(1+b^2=ab+bc+ac+b^2=(ab+b^2)+(bc+ac)=(b+a)(b+c)\)
\(1+c^2=ab+bc+ac+c^2=(ab+bc)+(ac+c^2)=(c+a)(c+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow (1+a^2)(1+b^2)(1+c^2)=(a+b)(a+c)(b+a)(b+c)(c+a)(c+b)\)
\(=[(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)]^2\) là số chính phương với mọi $a,b,c$ nguyên khác không.
\(A=\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2+c^2=2b^2+2c^2+2bc=2\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)\) (tự hiểu nhé)
Mà \(a^2=2\left(a+c+1\right)\left(a+b-1\right)=2a^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(b-c\right)-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a\left(b+c\right)+2bc-2=0\) (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow2bc=2-a^2-2a\left(b+c\right)=2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2\left(b+c\right)^2\) (mấy cái này là từ a + b + c =0 suy ra a = -(b+c) suy ra a2 = [-(b+c)]2 = (b+c)2 thôi!)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc=-2\)
hay c2 + b2 = -2?? hay là mình làm sai nhì?
\(a^2=2\left(a+c+1\right)\left(a+b-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,b=1,c=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2\)
\(A=\left(1+b^2+a^2+a^2b^2\right).\left(1+c^2\right)\)
\(=1+a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2b^2+a^2b^2c^2\)
\(=1+\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2.\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2-2abc.\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2b^2c^2\)
Thay ab+bc+ac=1 vào A, ta có:
\(A=1+\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2+1-2abc.\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2b^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2abc.\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2b^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c-abc\right)^2\)
Vì a,b,c thuộc Z
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c-abc\right)^2\)là số chính phương
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(1+a^2\right)=\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)=b\left(a+c\right)+a\left(a+c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\\left(1+b^2\right)=\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)=a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\\left(1+c^2\right)=\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\text{[}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\text{]}^2\Rightarrow\text{đ}pcm\)