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Với a,b là các số thực dương thỏa mãn ab+a + b = 1 .Suy ra 1 + a2 =ab + a + b + a2 = ( a+b) ( a + 1 )
1 + b2 = ab + a + b + b2 = (a + b) ( b + 1 )
Khi đó ta có :
\(vt=\frac{a}{1+a^2}+\frac{b}{1+b^2}=\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{2ab+a+b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{1+ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+a+b+1\right)}=\frac{1+ab}{2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(vp=\frac{1+ab}{\sqrt{2\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}}=\frac{1+ab}{\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{1+ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)}}=\frac{1+ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{2\left(1+1\right)}}=\frac{1+ab}{2\left(a+b\right)}\)
=> Đẳng thức được chứng minh
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\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca\le2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)
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\(a^2+b^2+1=ab+a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)=2(ab+a+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2=2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+a^2-2a+1+b^2-2b+1=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0;a-1=0;b-1=0\)
Hay \(a=b=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
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Thực hiện phép biến đổi tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\ge2\left(1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2+a^3b+ab^3+2ab\ge2+2a^2+2b^2+2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b-2a^2b^2+ab^3-a^2+2ab-b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng do \(ab>1\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\le\frac{a^2+1+b^2+1}{2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2}\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2}=1-\frac{a^2+b^2-2}{a^2+b^2+2}\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+2\ge2ab+2=2\left(ab+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{1}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{-1}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2-2\ge2\left(ab-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{a^2+b^2-2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge1-\frac{2\left(ab-1\right)}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\frac{ab+1-ab+1}{ab+1}=\frac{2}{ab+1}\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{ab+1}\) (Đpcm)