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Mg+2CH3COOH->(CH3COO)2Mg+H2
0,15------0,3-------------0,15-------------0,15
n Mg=\(\dfrac{3,6}{24}\)=0,15 mol
m CH3COOH=24g =>n CH3COOH=\(\dfrac{24}{60}\)=0,6 mol
->CH3COOH dư
=>C% (CH3COO)2Mg=\(\dfrac{0,15.142}{200+3,6-0,15.2}\).100=10,48%
=>C% CH3COOH dư= \(\dfrac{0,3.60}{200+3,6-0,15.2}\).100=8,85%
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=147.10\%=14,7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) ⇒ Zn hết, H2SO4 dư
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pứ = 6,5 + 147 - 0,1.2 = 153,3 (g)
\(C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.161.100\%}{153,3}=10,502\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,15-0,1\right).98.100\%}{153,3}=3,196\%\)
Cho Ba(OH)2 vào muối Al sẽ có 2TH sau:
TH1: kết tủa Al(OH)3 chưa bị hòa tan
Al3+ + 3OH– → Al(OH)3↓
→ nAl(OH)3 = nAl3+ → nAl(OH)3 = xn + 0,04n
TH2: kết tủa Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
Al3+ + 3OH– → Al(OH)3↓
(xn + 0,04n)→ 3(xn + 0,04n) (xn + 0,04n)
Al(OH)3 + OH– → AlO2– + 2H2O
0,952 – 3(xn + 0,04n) ←0,952
→ nAl(OH)3 = 4xn + 0,16n – 0,952
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02
\(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{10}{49}}{1}\) ---> H2SO4 dư và tính theo CuO
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160}{1,6+100}.100\%\approx3,15\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{49}-0,02\right).98}{100+1,6}\approx17,76\left(\%\right)\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15\cdot127}{300}\cdot100\%=6,35\%\\m_{Fe}=0,15\cdot56=8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PTHH: \(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-8,4}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33,6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{784\cdot10\%}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, Fe phản ứng hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6mol\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,6\cdot152=91,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=816,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{91,2}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx11,17\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{19,6}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx2,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33,6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{784.10\%}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(Fe+H_2SO_4-->FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo pthh : \(n_{H2}=n_{FeSO4}=n_{H2SO4\left(pứ\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL :
mFe + m(dd H2SO4) = m(ddspu) + mH2
=> 33,6 + 784 = m(ddspu) + 0,6.2
=> m(ddspu) = 816,4(g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%FeSO_{\text{4}}=\dfrac{0,6.152}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx11,17\%\\C\%H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx2,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)