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\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)
\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)
Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)
Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)
Xét thương:
\(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
TN1: Gọi (nZn; nFe; nCu) = (a; b; c)
=> 65a + 56b + 64c = 18,5 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a---------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----------------------->b
=> a + b = 0,2 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nZn; nFe; nCu) = (ak; bk; ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,15 (3)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
ak-->ak
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
bk--->1,5bk
Cu + Cl2 --to--> CuCl2
ck-->ck
=> \(ak+1,5bk+ck=\dfrac{3,92}{22,4}=0,175\)(4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\\k=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{18,5}.100\%=35,135\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{18,5}.100\%=30,27\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,1.64}{18,5}.100\%=34,595\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nO(oxit) = \(\dfrac{23,7-18,5}{16}=0,325\left(mol\right)\)
=> nH2O = 0,325 (mol)
=> nHCl = 0,65 (mol)
=> \(V=\dfrac{0,65}{1}=0,65\left(l\right)=650\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{Cu} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a + 27b + 56c = 28,6(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ \text{Mặt khác} : n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3\\ \)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{O_2}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5a +0,75b + 0,75c} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,4}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = \dfrac{317}{1460} ; b = \dfrac{121}{365}; c = \dfrac{15}{146}\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{\dfrac{317}{1460}.64}{28,6}.100\% = 48,59\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{\dfrac{121}{365}.27}{28,6}.100\% = 31,3\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 41,59\% - 31,3\% = 27,11\%\)
a) Chất rắn Z là Cu
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{25,7}.100=24,9\%\)
Gọi x, y là số mol Al, Fe
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,65\\27x+56y=19,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,3; y=0,2
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.27}{25,7}.100=31,52\%\)
%mFe=43,58%
b)Khí X là H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,65.2=1,3\left(g\right)\)
c) \(Cu+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2Ag\)
\(n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{AgNO_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\) => Sau phản ứng Cu dư
\(m_{cr}=m_{Cu\left(dư\right)}+m_{Ag}=\left(0,1-0,075\right).64+0,15.108=17,8\left(g\right)\)
a) mZ= mCu= 6,4(g) (Vì Cu không td dung dịch HCl)
=> m(Al, Fe)= 25,7 - 6,4= 19,3(g)
Đặt nAl=a(mol); nFe=b(mol) (a,b>0)
nH2= 14,56/22,4=0,65(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
a_________3a_____a_______1,5a(mol)
Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
b____2b____b___b(mol)
Ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=19,3\\3a+2b=0,65\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có vẻ số liệu lẻ, em có thể xem lại đề được không?
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Cu}\approx100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
\(n_{Cl_2}\) = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
\(\%_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,2. 64}{23,8} \approx 53,78\%\)
\(\%_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1 .56}{23,8} \approx 23,53\%\)
%Al ≈ 22,69%
amazing :>>, chào bạn