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\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+abc+a^2c+b^2a+b^2c+abc+c^2b+c^2a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+ac\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
So ez
....
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2.\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=abc\left(dpcm\right)\)
Từ x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)a+\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)b+\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)c=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\).(a+b+c)\(\Rightarrow\)2x=(a+b+c)
M=(x-a)(x-b)+(x-b)(x-c)+(x-c)(x-a)+x\(^2\)
= x\(^2\)-xb-ax+ab+x\(^2\)-xc-bx+bc+x\(^2\)-ax-cx+ac+x\(^2\)
= 4x\(^2\)-2ac-2bx-2cx+ab+bc+ac
= 4x\(^2\)-2x(a+b+c)+ab+bc+ca
Thay 2x=a+b+c,ta được:
M= 4x\(^2\)-2x.2c+ab+bc+ca
M= 4x\(^2\)-4x\(^2\)+ab+bc+ca
M= ab+bc+ca
\(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\\ =\left(ab^2-a\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+\left(a^2b-b\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+\left(a^2c-c\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\\ =ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+a^2bc^2-a^2b-bc^2+b+a^2b^2c-a^2c-b^2c+c\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-\left(a^2b+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc-\left[\left(a^2b+ab^2+abc\right)+\left(b^2c+bc^2+abc\right)+\left(a^2c+ac^2+abc\right)\right]\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+abc+3abc-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\\ =4abc+abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\\ =4abc+abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Đánh giá tương tự , ta cũng có :
\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2},\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Từ đó suy ra :
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+c}{2}=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Mặt khác ,ta biết rằng \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3.\)Từ đây ,kết hợp với đánh giá ở trên ,ta có kết quả cần chứng minh.
\(Ta\)\(có\) \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)ta có
\(a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Chứng minh tương tụ với \(\frac{b}{1+c^2};\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)ta được
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(Hay\)\(3^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le3\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(Từ\)\(\left(1\right)\)\(\left(2\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\)\(\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)\(\left(3\right)\)
\(Từ\)\(\left(1\right)\)\(\left(3\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
