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a, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ca\right):n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}-n_{CaCO3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{CaCO3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=13,44l\)
b, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ba\right):n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}-n_{BaCO3}=0,175\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{BaCO3}+2n_{Ba\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=8,4l\)
c, Ta có : \(1< T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{SO2}}=1,875< 2\)
- Áp dụng phương pháp đường chéo :
Ta được : \(\dfrac{n_{NaHSO3}}{n_{Na2SO3}}=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7n_{NaHSO3}-n_{Na2SO3}=0\)
\(BTNT\left(Na\right):n_{NaHSO3}+2n_{Na2SO3}=0,375\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHSO3}=0,025\\n_{Na2SO3}=0,175\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_M=24,65g\)
nCO2=0,03(mol)
nCa(OH)2=0,02(mol)
Ta có: 1< nCO2/ nCa(OH)2= 0,03/0,02=1,5<2
Đặt nCO2(1)=a(mol); nCO2(2)=b(mol)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O (1)
a__________a____________a(mol)
Ca(OH)2 + 2 CO2 -> Ca(HCO3)2
0,5b_______b______0,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,03\\a+0,5b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,01\\b=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)
nNaOH=0,01(mol)
PTHH: 2 NaOH + Ca(HCO3)2 -> CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2 H2O (3)
Ta có: 0,01/2 < 0,01/1
=> NaOH hết, Ca(HCO3)2 dư, tính theo nNaOH
=> nCaCO3(tổng)= nCaCO3(1) + nCaCO3(3)= 0,01 + 0,01/2 = 0,015(mol)
=> mCaCO3=0,015 x 100= 1,5(g)
1.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.1}{0.075}=1.33\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(a+b=0.075\)
\(a+2b=0.1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{sp}=0.05\cdot100+0.025\cdot162=9.05\left(g\right)\)
2.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.2\cdot0.2=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.005}{0.04}=1.25\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.04\)
\(a+2b=0.05\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.03\\b=0.01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=0.03\cdot197=5.91\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1 :
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{3,136}{22,4} = 0,14(mol)$
$n_{Ca(OH)_2} = 0,8.0,1 = 0,08(mol)$
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
0,08.......0,08...........0,08........................(mol)
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2
0,06........0,06........................................(mol)
Suy ra : $m_{CaCO_3} = (0,08 - 0,06).100 = 2(gam)$
Bài 2 :
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{NaOH} = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15(mol)$
2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
0,15........0,075.......0,075....................(mol)
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3
0,025........0,025...................0,05..............(mol)
Suy ra:
$C_{M_{NaHCO_3}} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,1} = 0,5M$
$C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}} = \dfrac{0,075 - 0,025}{0,1} = 0,5M$
b)
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,15.36,5}{25\%} = 21,9(gam)$
1. Gọi V là thể tích của dung dịch Ca(OH)2
\(n_{CO_2}=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25V\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{OH-}=0,5V\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(T=\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,5V}{0,1}=5V\)
Nếu T<1 \(\Leftrightarrow V< 0,2\)=> Chỉ tạo 1 muối Ca(HCO3)2 và CO2 dư
T=1 \(\Leftrightarrow V=0,2\) => Chỉ tạo 1 muối Ca(HCO3)2
1 < T < 2 \(\Leftrightarrow0,2< V< 0,4\)=> Tạo 2 muối Ca(HCO3)2 và CaCO3
T=2 \(\Leftrightarrow V=0,4\) => Chỉ tạo 1 muối CaCO3
T >2\(\Leftrightarrow V>0,4\) => Chỉ tạo 1 muối CaCO3 và Ca(OH)2 dư
2. \(n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{4}{37}\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=\dfrac{8}{37}\)
Lập T = \(\dfrac{\dfrac{8}{37}}{0,2}=1,08\) => Tạo 2 muối
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Ca(HCO3)2 và CaCO3
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=0,2\\x+y=\dfrac{4}{37}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{17}{185}\\y=\dfrac{3}{185}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{muối}=\dfrac{17}{185}.162+\dfrac{3}{185}.100=16,51\left(g\right)\)
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3
