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Bài 5:
a) \(A=x^2-4x+9=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(minA=5\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 4:
a) \(M=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(maxM=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(N=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(maxN=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(P=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(maxP=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a. \(8x\left(x-2007\right)-2x+4034=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2017\right)\left(4x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2017=0\\4x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2017\\4x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2017\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=2017 hoặc x=1/4
b.\(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{x^2}{8}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{x}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=0\\1+\dfrac{x}{4}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\dfrac{x}{4}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=0 hoặc x=-4
c.\(4-x=2\left(x-4\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4-x\right)-2\left(x-4\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left(2x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4-x=0\\2x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=4 hoặc x=7/2
d.\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3\right)=0\)
Nxet: (x2+3)>0 với mọi x
=> x-2=0 <=>x=2
Vậy x=2
a, 8\(x\).(\(x-2007\)) - 2\(x\) + 4034 = 0
4\(x\)(\(x\) - 2007) - \(x\) + 2017 = 0
4\(x^2\) - 8028\(x\) - \(x\) + 2017 = 0
4\(x^2\) - 8029\(x\) + 2017 = 0
4(\(x^2\) - 2. \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\) \(x\) +( \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\))2) - (\(\dfrac{8029}{4}\))2 + 2017 = 0
4.(\(x\) + \(\dfrac{8029}{8}\))2 = (\(\dfrac{8029}{4}\))2 - 2017
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{8029}{8}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8029}{4}\right)^2-2017}\\x=-\dfrac{8029}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8029}{4}\right)^2-2017}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(6,\\ a,\\ 1,A=x^2+3x+7=\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(2,B=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2-7x+10\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\\ 1,A=11-10x-x^2=-\left(x+5\right)^2+36\le36\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-5\)
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3
a) x² + 10x + 25
= x² + 2.x.5 + 5²
= (x + 5)²
b) 8x - 16 - x²
= -(x² - 8x + 16)
= -(x² - 2.x.4 + 4²)
= -(x - 4)²
c) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³
d) (x + y)² - 9x²
= (x + y)² - (3x)²
= (x + y - 3x)(x + y + 3x)
= (y - 2x)(4x + y)
e) (x + 5)² - (2x - 1)²
= (x + 5 - 2x + 1)(x + 5 + 2x - 1)
= (6 - x)(3x + 4)
Bài 4
a) x² - 9 = 0
x² = 9
x = 3 hoặc x = -3
b) (x - 4)² - 36 = 0
(x - 4 - 6)(x - 4 + 6) = 0
(x - 10)(x + 2) = 0
x - 10 = 0 hoặc x + 2 = 0
*) x - 10 = 0
x = 10
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
Vậy x = -2; x = 10
c) x² - 10x = -25
x² - 10x + 25 = 0
(x - 5)² = 0
x - 5 = 0
x = 5
d) x² + 5x + 6 = 0
x² + 2x + 3x + 6 = 0
(x² + 2x) + (3x + 6) = 0
x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 hoặc x + 3 = 0
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
*) x + 3 = 0
x = -3
Vậy x = -3; x = -2
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