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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:
$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$
$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$
$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$
$=2+3=5$
Vậy $M_{\min}=5$
*** $a,b,c>0$ thôi chứ không lớn hơn $1$ bạn nhé. $a,b,c>1$ thì $abc>1$ mất rồi.
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Vì $a, b, c>0$ thỏa mãn $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho:
$(a,b,c)=(\frac{x^2}{yz}, \frac{y^2}{xz}, \frac{z^2}{xy})$
Khi đó, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
$P=\frac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}$
$\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x^2+2yz+y^2+2xz+z^2+2xy}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2}=1$
Vậy $P_{\min}=1$ khi $x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1$
\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+a+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{4}{a^2}+\dfrac{4}{b^2}+\dfrac{4}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}.3=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2\right]\)\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Áp dụng: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\left(2\right)\) với a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)(do (1))
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.4.\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)(do(2) và \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=3\))
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Đây là bài sử dụng Cô-si ngược dấu đặc trưng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\dfrac{a^2+1-a^2}{a^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{a^2}{2a}=1-\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{b}{2}\);
\(\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge3-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)