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Lời giải:
$P=(x^2+y^2+2xy)+y^2-6x-8y+2028$
$=(x+y)^2-6(x+y)+(y^2-2y)+2028$
$=(x+y)^2-6(x+y)+9+(y^2-2y+1)+2018$
$=(x+y-3)^2+(y-1)^2+2018\geq 0+0+2018=2018$
Vậy $P_{\min}=2018$
Giá trị này đạt tại $x+y-3=y-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow y=1; x=2$
a)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
a/ chtt
b/ \(P=x^2+2y^2+2xy-6x-8y+2028\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-6\left(x+y\right)+9+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2018\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-6\left(x+y\right)+9+\left(y-1\right)^2+2018\)
\(=\left(x+y-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2018\ge2018\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy....
a)
b) P = x2 + 2y2 + 2xy – 6x – 8y + 2028
P = (x2 + y2 + 2xy) – 6(x + y) + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1 + 2018
P = (x + y – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 + 2018 2018
=> Giá trị nhỏ nhất của P = 2018 khi x = 2; y = 1
Cách khác câu a
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=>đpcm
\(9=3a^2+2b^2+2bc+2c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+b^2+c^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a-b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(T_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(T_{min}=-3\) khi \(a=b=c=-1\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(a+b+c=0\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Khởi động nhẹ nhàng thôi:v
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-a-b-c\ge\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-a+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(c^2-c+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(c-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) C1. Áp dụng BĐT : ( x - y)2 ≥ 0 ∀xy
Ta có : a2 + b2 ≥ 2ab ( 1)
b2 + c2 ≥ 2bc ( 2)
c2 + a2 ≥ 2ac ( 3)
Từ ( 1 ; 2 ; 3) ⇒ 2( a2 + b2 + c2) ≥ 2( ab + ab + ac)
⇔ 3( a2 + b2 + c2) ≥ ( a + b + c)2
⇔ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{4}.\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi : a = b = c = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
C2. Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki , ta có :
( a2 + b2 + c2)( 12 + 12 + 12) ≥ ( a + b + c)2
⇔ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{4}.\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi : a = b = c = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)