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a. \(nFe=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(mHCl=\dfrac{200.9,125}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1 (mol)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
LTL : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
=> Fe đủ , HCl dư
mHCl ( dư ) = 0,1 . 36,5 = 3,65(g)
b.
mFeCl2 = 0,2 . 127 = 25,4 (g)
mH2 = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (g)
mdd = mFe + mdd HCl + mFeCl2 - mH2
mdd = 11,2 + 200 + 25,4 - 0,4 = 236,2(g)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{236,2}=1,55\%\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4.100}{236,2}=10,75\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.100}{236,2}=0,17\%\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\Tacó: n_{Fe}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_@SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{200}.100=9,8\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5\cdot10}{100\cdot36.5}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2......0.4..........0.2........0.2\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.5-0.4=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot36.5=3.65\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=13+182.5-0.2\cdot2=195.1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3.65}{195.1}\cdot100\%=1.87\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot136}{195.1}\cdot100\%=13.94\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.......0.4.......................0.2\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.2\cdot65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.4\cdot36.5}{200}\cdot100\%=7.3\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(1..........1\)
\(0.3.........0.2\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.3}{1}>\dfrac{0.2}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\)
\(m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot64=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=2,5.0,2=0,5mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 < 0,5 ( mol )
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 ( mol )
Chất dư là HCl
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
$a\big)$
$M_A=9,4.2=18,8(g/mol)$
$\to \dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{H_2}}=\dfrac{18,8-2}{44-18,8}=\dfrac{2}{3}$
Mà $n_{CO_2}+n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)$
\(\begin{array} {l} \to n_{CO_2}=0,2(mol);n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ FeCO_3+2HCl\to FeCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,3(mol);n_{FeCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \to m=0,3.56+0,2.116=40(g) \end{array}\)
$b\big)$
Đổi $400ml=0,4l$
\(\begin{array} {l} \text{Theo PT: }n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}+n_{CO_2}=0,5(mol)\\ \to C_{M\,FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,4}=1,25M \end{array}\)
$c\big)$
\(\begin{array}{l} m_{dd\,FeCl_2}=\dfrac{400}{1,2}\approx 333,33(g)\\ \to C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.127}{333,33}.100\%=19,05\%\end{array}\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20\%.200}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\\ NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=1\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{ddNaCl}=200+100=300\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{58,5.1}{300}.100=19,5\%\\ b,C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5.1}{100}.100=36,5\%\)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
0,2---0,4-----0,2
m HCl=62g
=>n HCl=1,69 mol
n Fe=0,2 mol
=>C%muối=\(\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+200-0,2.2}100=12\%\)
=>C% HCl=\(\dfrac{1,29.36,5}{200}100=23,5425\%\)