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\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi CTTQ hai kim loại là R
Gọi $n_{H_2} = a(mol)$
$R + 2HCl \to RCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
Ta có :
$Ra - 2a = 0,82$
$a(R + 71) = 1,915$
Suy ra : a = 0,015 ; Ra = 0,85
$m_{hai\ kim\ loại} = Ra = 0,85(gam)$
$\Rightarrow R = \dfrac{0,85}{0,015} = 56,67$
Vậy hai kim loại là Canxi và Stronti
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,7\cdot36,5=25,55\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=34,55\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ a,Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{ZnCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6(g)\\ c,n_{Zn}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{20}.100\%=32,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Ag}=100\%-32,5\%=67,5\%\)
Chất rắn còn lại sau phản ứng là Ag do Ag không phản ứng với dung dịch HCl.
\(\Rightarrow m_{Ag} = 7,6(gam)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 10 - 7,6 = 2,4(gam)\)
Suy ra :
\(\%m_{Ag} = \dfrac{7,6}{10}.100\% = 76\% ; \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 76\% = 24\%\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,4}{24} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\)